Childhood TB epidemiology and treatment outcomes in Thailand: a TB active surveillance network, 2004 to 2006

Lolekha, Rangsima; Anuwatnonthakate, Amornrat; Nateniyom, Sriprapa; Sumnapun, Surin; Yamada, Norio; Wattanaamornkiat, Wanpen; Sattayawuthipong, Wanchai; Charusuntonsri, Pricha; Sanguanwongse, Natpatou; Wells, Charles D.; Varma, Jay K.

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-94

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The proportion of children with documented HIV status result in this study (61.8%) is better than most reports of testing frequency in endemic areas, from 11-16% in Tanzania 27 and <30% in Botswana 14 to 63% in Thailand 7 and 69.7% in Cape Town. 28 In sub-Saharan Africa, where the pre-test probability of a positive HIV test result is higher than in Asia because of the higher prevalence of HIV, children with unknown HIV status had signifi cantly higher odds of death than HIV-negative children.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…6 In addition, the limited published data on paediatric outcomes tend to originate from single-context studies where diagnosis and treatment protocols can vary. Mortality rates vary from 6% in Thailand 7 to 17% in Malawi. 8 However, similar risk factors for death are reported across these settings: younger age, smear negativity and human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection.…”

Section: S U M M a R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards the WHO target of zero childhood tuberculosis deaths: an analysis of mortality in 13 locations in Africa and Asia

Russell

Merle²,

Cooke³

et al. 2013

int j tuberc lung dis

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: S U M M a R Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the WHO target of zero childhood tuberculosis deaths: an analysis of mortality in 13 locations in Africa and Asia

Russell

Merle²,

Cooke³

et al. 2013

int j tuberc lung dis

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“…Extrathoracic and extrapulmonary TB were more common among our study participants (52% with extrathoracic TB and 70% with extrapulmonary TB) than typically reported elsewhere (9–39%) [6], [18], [19], [22]–[27]. For example, among children age 0–14 with TB disease reported to TB registries in Viet Nam and Cambodia, 141 of 360 (39%) were diagnosed with extrapulmonary TB [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Childhood Tuberculosis in Northern Viet Nam: A Review of 103 Cases

et al. 2014

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BackgroundChildhood tuberculosis causes significant morbidity and mortality in Southeast Asia, yet little is known about the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of this disease in Viet Nam.ObjectivesTo determine the demographics, clinical presentations, radiographic and microbiologic findings, treatment regimens, and outcomes of children admitted with tuberculosis (TB) to a national referral hospital in Viet Nam.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series study of children ≤ 15 years old with bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed TB admitted to a national referral hospital in Ha Noi, Viet Nam from January through December 2007.ResultsOne hundred three children were identified: median age 5 years (IQR 2-10), 44% female, 99% Kinh ethnicity, 27% residing in Ha Noi, 88% with BCG vaccination, 27% with known TB contact, and 38% malnourished. Intrathoracic TB was present in 62%, extrathoracic in 52%, both intra and extrathoracic in 19%, and undetermined site in 5%. The most common extrathoracic manifestation was peripheral lymphadenitis, and children under 5 were more likely to have miliary TB or both intra and extrathoracic TB. Fever and failure to thrive were common presenting symptoms among all participants (65% and 56%, respectively), 66% of those with intrathoracic TB presented with cough, and 92% of those with TB meningitis presented with severe neurologic impairment. Acid-fast bacilli smears and mycobacterial cultures were positive in 18% and 21% of children tested, and histopathology was positive in 88% of those biopsied. There were no adverse drug reactions necessitating change in therapy, and no inpatient mortality.ConclusionsExtrathoracic TB was common, treatment well tolerated and clinical outcomes excellent. Culture confirmation rates were low and emphasize the need for improved diagnostics.

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“…It is also lower than the success rate for adult TB in Sudan (10). Favourable outcomes among children have been reported to range from 45% to 95% (8,15,22,23,29,30). Of the 75 children with favourable treatment outcomes in our study, only 48 (64.0%) had the duration of treatment defined.…”

Section: Treatment Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Case management of childhood tuberculosis in children's hospitals in Khartoum

Osman¹,

Sony²

2014

East Mediterr Health J

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No published information is available on the case management of childhood tuberculosis (TB) in Sudan. The aim of this study was to describe the case management of childhood TB in 4 children's hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. Data on 467 children aged 0-14 years registered in 2009 were collected from patient records; 52.9% males and 53.0% aged 5-14 years. Most cases were registered as new cases (89.5%) and most had pulmonary TB (72.4%). Of all cases, 31.0% had sputum smear microscopy done, 35.8% had X-ray and none had a record of being culture confirmed. Category III regimen was given to 58.5%. Reported outcomes were: cured (1.5%), completed treatment (14.6%), transferred out (13.1%), default (17.3%), death (4.3%) and treatment failure (0.6%). Age was significantly associated with treatment outcome, while sex, type of patient, site of TB and treatment category were not significant. Case management of childhood TB is suboptimal in this region. 1Sudan Medical and Scientific Research Institute, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. (Correspondence to T. Osman: tarikod@gmail.com Prise en charge des cas de tuberculose chez l'enfant à l'hôpital pour enfants de Khartoum RÉSUMÉ Il n'y a pas d'informations publiées sur la prise en charge de la tuberculose chez l'enfant au Soudan. L'objectif de la présente étude était de décrire la prise en charge de la tuberculose chez l'enfant dans quatre hôpitaux pour enfants de l'État de Khartoum (Soudan). Les données de 467 enfants âgés de 0 à 14 ans enregistrées en 2009 ont été recueillies à partir de leurs dossiers médicaux ; 52,9 % étaient des garçons et 53,0 % étaient âgés de 5 à 14 ans. La plupart des cas étaient enregistrés comme des nouveaux cas (89,5 %) et la majorité était atteinte de tuberculose pulmonaire (72,4 %). Sur l'ensemble des cas étudiés, 31,0 % avaient fait l'objet d'examens microscopiques de frottis d'expectoration, 35,8 % avaient été soumis une radiographie mais aucun cas n'avait été confirmé par culture en laboratoire. Un traitement de catégorie III a été administré à 58,5 % d'entre eux. Les résultats recueillis étaient les suivants : guérison (1,5 %), traitement achevé (14,6 %), réorientation (13,1 %), abandon du traitement (17,3 %), décès (4,3 %) et échec du traitement (0,6 %). L'âge était significativement associé à l'issue du traitement, tandis que le sexe, le type de patient, le site de la tuberculose et la catégorie du traitement ne l'étaient pas. La prise en charge de la tuberculose chez l'enfant n'est pas optimale dans cette région. ‫املتوسط‬ ‫لرشق‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫املجلة‬ ‫العرشون‬ ‫املجلد‬ ‫السابع‬ ‫العدد‬ 443

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Childhood TB epidemiology and treatment outcomes in Thailand: a TB active surveillance network, 2004 to 2006

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Towards the WHO target of zero childhood tuberculosis deaths: an analysis of mortality in 13 locations in Africa and Asia

Towards the WHO target of zero childhood tuberculosis deaths: an analysis of mortality in 13 locations in Africa and Asia

Childhood Tuberculosis in Northern Viet Nam: A Review of 103 Cases

Case management of childhood tuberculosis in children's hospitals in Khartoum

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