Towards the WHO target of zero childhood tuberculosis deaths: an analysis of mortality in 13 locations in Africa and Asia

Russell, George; Merle, Corinne; Cooke, Graham; Casas, Esther C.; Fonseca, Marcio Silveira da; Cros, Philipp du

doi:10.5588/ijtld.13.0238

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The mortality of children treated for TB is similar to what has been reported in previous studies [5][6][7][8][9] . Retrospective cohort studies have shown a trend of increased mortality in smear-negative children as compared to smear-positive ones 5,6,9 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Previous studies show that mortality of childhood TB in limited resource countries can vary between 6 and 11% with a trend of higher mortality among younger children [5][6][7][8] . In some subSaharan African countries, especially during the pre-antiretroviral therapy era, higher mortality was documented among smear-negative cases and HIV infected children, highlighting the issue of potential misdiagnosis and co-infections 6,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some subSaharan African countries, especially during the pre-antiretroviral therapy era, higher mortality was documented among smear-negative cases and HIV infected children, highlighting the issue of potential misdiagnosis and co-infections 6,9 . In the absence of a reference standard for diagnosis of childhood TB, the accuracy of treatment decisions cannot be adequately assessed 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Outcome of Children With Presumptive Tuberculosis in Mbarara, Rural Uganda

Bonnet¹,

Nansumba

Bastard³

et al. 2018

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Outcome of Children With Presumptive Tuberculosis in Mbarara, Rural Uganda

Bonnet¹,

Nansumba

Bastard³

et al. 2018

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…Different studies report contact history that varied from 42.5% [3] to 100% [4]. Several studies stated that concomitant diseases and risk factors such as malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency or HIV infection, should be considered as they have important diagnostic and pronostic implications [5][6][7][8]. Some studies suggested greater vulnerability of the female child [9].…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children with less than 1 year used only to present nonproductive cough, productive cough in general is rarely seen in pre-adolescent children [4,5]. TB should be suspected if cough lasted more than 2 weeks.…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, Radiological and Inmunological Features in Children with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Review

J¹

2014

J Mycobac Dis

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In the whole world, tuberculosis (TB) continues being an important health problem. It produces a great number of deaths in children, mainly in the wake of the HIV epidemic. In addition, the globalization with the increased of the international travels and the immigration makes that TB control be more difficult. This is a clinical, radiological and immunological review in children TB where we search to contribute the data in the literature. ContextTuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important global health problems. The latest estimates included in the Global tuberculosis report are that there were 8.6 million new TB cases in 2012 and 1.3 million TB deaths worldwide. Of those, 530.000 cases and 74.000 deaths were children [1]. Clinical and radiological findings, such as hemoptisis, cough, caverns or upper-lobe condensations, might be reliable and well established in adults. By contrast, these findings might be more difficult to evaluate in children due to more nonspecific symptoms and heterogeneus radiological findings [2]. ObjectiveThe present work overviews the most important clinical and radiological findings in children diagnosed with tuberculosis infection and disease. We included articles that reported cases with children from 2 months to 13 years. Children were from different backgrounds, and from developed and underdeveloped countries. Data SourcesThe selection of studies for analysis was as follows: all articles published from October 2008 to December 2013, which described clinical and radiological findings of children with TB were selected. These articles were obtained by searching throughout several international databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Highwire Press, Scientific Information Databases, Google Scholar and EBSCO-host.To locate the articles to include in our review, the strategy consisted of an exhaustive search including the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: "tuberculosis" or "pulmonary tuberculosis" in combination with "children" or "infant" or "infancy", in combination with "clinical symptoms", "radiological findings", "Mantoux", "tuberculosis diagnosis", "management of tuberculosis" and "tuberculosis treatment". Study SelectionInclusion criteria for systematic review were: 1) Retrospective or prospective cohort studies; 2) Reporting clinical, radiological or Mantoux results in TB patients 3) Studies including data at the national level; and 4) Studies on TB patients meeting either the WHO recommended definitions for "definite cases" or "other than definite cases" or TB patients meeting the possible, probable or confirmed case definition as published by the European Commission in 2008.Opinion articles, editorials, comments, case studies and/or drug efficacy tested in vitro or through clinical trials were excluded from the systematic review. Furthermore, those articles not published in English or Spanish language were excluded from the review. Literature searching was performed until 1 st December 2013. Using the search terms previously described above, fifty-three st...

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Global morbidity and mortality of central nervous system tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most common cause of death due to a single infectious agent worldwide after COVID-19. Up to 15% of the cases are extrapulmonary, and if it is located in the central nervous system (CNS-TB), it presents high morbidity and mortality. Still, the global epidemiology of CNS-TB remains unknown. Aim To estimate the global prevalence and incidence of CNS-TB based on the available literature. Methods We systematically searched in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and LILACS databases (April 2020) and included observational studies evaluating the epidemiology of CNS-TB. Two independent researchers selected and assessed the quality of the studies and extracted relevant data. We performed random-effects model meta-analysis of proportions to estimate the pooled prevalence. The protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42018103946). Results We included 53 studies from 28 countries, representing 12,621 patients with CNS-TB. The prevalence of CNS-TB was 2 per 100,000 inhabitants. According to the clinical setting, the prevalence of CNS-TB represented the 13.91% of all cases of meningitis and 4.55% of all cases of TB. The mortality was calculated by tuberculous meningitis due to the lack of data of other presentation, and it rose up to 42.12% in hospitalized patients. The burden of countries’ TB, Human Development Index (HDI), and the prevalence of HIV were the most important prevalence moderators, especially in patients with TB. No data on incidence were found. Conclusion The prevalence and mortality of CNS-TB remain high, and TB meningitis is the most frequent presentation. The highest prevalence was reported in developing countries, and its main moderators were the countries’ HDI and HIV infection. Our study was limited by high heterogeneity, risk of bias, and potential data under registration from developing countries. The integration of CNS-TB early detection and management into national TB programs and population-based studies from developing countries are needed for better global estimation and response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-022-11052-8.

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Towards the WHO target of zero childhood tuberculosis deaths: an analysis of mortality in 13 locations in Africa and Asia

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Outcome of Children With Presumptive Tuberculosis in Mbarara, Rural Uganda

Outcome of Children With Presumptive Tuberculosis in Mbarara, Rural Uganda

Clinical, Radiological and Inmunological Features in Children with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Review

Global morbidity and mortality of central nervous system tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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