Childhood epistaxis and nasal colonization with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Whymark, Andrew; Crampsey, David P; Fraser, Lyndsay; Moore, Philip; Williams, Craig; Kubba, Haytham

doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2007.10.029

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is postulated that low-grade inflammation may cause irritation, crusting and digital trauma coupled with increased vascularity due to inflammation and trauma from the separation of crusts (5). In our study, we did not find any relation between colonization, increased vascularity and crusting.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Rhinosinusitis may be a coexisting factor, especially in children, leading to increased mucosal inflammation, nose blowing or potentially digital trauma resulting in epistaxis (4). It has been shown that children with recurrent epistaxis are more likely to have nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus than controls (5). Also, it has been postulated that low-grade inflammation may cause irritation, crusting and digital trauma coupled with increased vascularity due to inflammation and trauma from the separation of crusts (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nasal Bacterial Colonization in Pediatric Epistaxis: The Role of Topical Antibacterial Treatment

et al. 2016

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Background: Epistaxis is a common problem in childhood. It has been shown that children with recurrent epistaxis are more likely to have nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. It has been suggested that lowgrade inflammation, crusting and increased vascularity due to bacterial colonization contributes to the development of epistaxis in children. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the nasal colonization and treatment outcome in pediatric epistaxis patients. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: Charts of the pediatric patients referred to our university hospital otolaryngology outpatient clinics for the evaluation of epistaxis were reviewed. The patients whose nasal cultures had been taken at the first clinical visit comprised the study group. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria grown. The presence of crusting and hypervascularity was not dependent on the type of bacterial growth and there was no relation between hypervascularity and crusting of the nasal mucosa. Thirty-six patients were evaluated for the outcome analysis. Resolution of bleeding was not dependent on nasal colonization; in patients with colonization, there was no difference between topical antibacterial and non-antibacterial treatments. Conclusion: Despite the high colonization rates, topical antibacterial treatment was not found superior to nonantibacterial treatment. Our study does not support the belief that bacterial colonization results in hypervascularity of the septal mucosa causing epistaxis since no relation was found between nasal colonization, hypervascularity and crusting. The role of bacterial colonization in pediatric epistaxis need to be further investigated and treatment protocols must be determined accordingly.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

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confidence: 99%

Nasal Bacterial Colonization in Pediatric Epistaxis: The Role of Topical Antibacterial Treatment

et al. 2016

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“…The cause remains obscure, although digital trauma is often blamed [5]. We have recently shown that children with recurrent epistaxis are more likely to have colonisation of the nasal cavity with Staphylococcus aureus than controls [6] and we have suggested that chronic low-grade inflammation may cause irritation, crusting and digital trauma. Further supportive evidence for a microbiological cause for epistaxis comes from trials showing benefit from antiseptic nasal cream [7] but no benefit from simple emollients [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathology of visible blood vessels on the nasal septum in children with epistaxis

Montague

Whymark

Howatson

et al. 2011

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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“…Upper respiratory infection, sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis produce inflammation and increased vascularity of the nasal mucosa, making friable tissue more vulnerable to the mechanical trauma of rubbing and picking. Although a microbiological cause has not been established, children with epistaxis are more likely to have nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (Whymark et al, 2008).…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice Guideline: Epistaxis in Children

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2015

Journal of Pediatric Health Care

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Childhood epistaxis and nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract: Children with epistaxis are more likely to have nasal colonization with S aureus than controls. Our data would support the hypothesis that S aureus replaces existing nasal flora and causes inflammation and new vessel formation.

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Nasal Bacterial Colonization in Pediatric Epistaxis: The Role of Topical Antibacterial Treatment

Nasal Bacterial Colonization in Pediatric Epistaxis: The Role of Topical Antibacterial Treatment

The pathology of visible blood vessels on the nasal septum in children with epistaxis

Practice Guideline: Epistaxis in Children

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