Childhood development patterns of hospitalized adult schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients and their siblings.

Pollack, Max; Woerner, Margaret G.; Goodman, Warren H.; Greenberg, Irwin M.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1966.tb02394.x

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Over the last three decades several studies have found that obstetric complications may be a risk factor of the later development of schizophrenia [34][35][36]. The association remains controversial due to both methodological weakness in the studies [31] and the failure to confirm the association in two historical cohort studies [37,38] and in one population-based case-control study [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Right-Handedness and Obstetrical Complications in Paranoid Hallucinatory Schizophrenics

Sperling

Martus²,

Barocka³

1999

Psychopathology

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In previous studies a link between pregnancy complications, minor physical anomalies and non-right-handedness was described in schizophrenic patients. There is evidence of an anomaly in the lateralization process in schizophrenia. Many studies of handedness and schizophrenia have found that schizophrenic patients have an increased rate of non-right-handedness compared with normal subjects. The contemporary neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia emerged from pathobiological findings. In addition there is evidence for early brain lesions and malformations in fetal brain development. Especially pregnancy and birth complications have been found to be a risk factor for the later development of schizophrenia. In this study we set out to test the possible association between diagnosis and handedness, diagnosis and risk factors, as well as gender and handedness for 60 patients (30 men, 30 women) and 60 controls. The percentage of non-right-handedness was significantly elevated in the patient group (p = 0.0025). In a gender-specific analysis this result could be confirmed only for male patients. Peri- and postnatal developmental risk factors were significantly elevated in schizophrenics compared with controls. The percentage of all risk factors in the male group of schizophrenic non-right-handers was significantly elevated compared with right-handed male schizophrenics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Right-Handedness and Obstetrical Complications in Paranoid Hallucinatory Schizophrenics

Sperling

Martus²,

Barocka³

1999

Psychopathology

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“…It remains controversial whether rates of schizophrenia vary by factors such as urban residence, social class, and minority status-factors whose variability is greatly limited in this cohort compared with the general population. Unfortunately, the limited racial diversity did not permit us to examine race as a modifier of the hypoxia-associated OC effect A race-specific effect seems unlikely, however, since hypoxia-related OCs have been found to be associated with schizophrenia in several Scandinavian countries whose populations are nearly entirely Caucasian (Pollack et al 1966;Woerner et al 1971Woerner et al , 1973Jacobsen and Kinney 1980;Pamas et al 1982;McNeil et al 1994). Of course, it is also possible that the higher than usual rate of schizophrenia reflects the higher than usual base rate of OCs observed in this cohort (which in turn may reflect its sociodemographic profile).…”

Section: Specificity Of Effects To Schizophrenia With Early Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-term followup of large birth cohorts on which detailed obstetric information is recorded Pollack et al 1966;Pollin and Stabenau 1968;Woerner et al 1971Woerner et al , 1973Jacobsen and Kinney 1980;Parnas et al 1982;Markow and Gottesman 1989;Eagles et al 1990;Bracha et al 1992;Fish et al 1992;O'Callaghan et al 1992;Buka et al 1993;Gunther-Genta et al 1994;Kinney et al 1994;McNeil et al 1994;Torrey et al 1994) in showing that complications representing direct and indirect indicators of fetal hypoxia are associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. The present results also extend previous findings by demonstrating that odds of schizophrenia increase linearly with an increasing number of such complications.…”

Section: Nature Of the Association Between Ocs Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies using objective measures of prenatal and perinatal history have consistently implicated OCs as risk factors for the disorder, whether the samples were siblings (Lane and Albee 1966;Pollack et al 1966;Woerner et al 1971;Eagles et al 1990;Gunther-Genta et al 1994;Kinney et al 1994) and twins (Pollin and Stabenau 1968;Markow and Gottesman 1989;Bracha et al 1992;Torrey et al 1994) discordant for schizophrenia, adopted children with schizophrenia (Jacobsen and Kinney 1980), offspring of parents diagnosed with schizophrenia (Parnas et al 1982;Fish et al 1992), adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and matched controls (O'Callaghan et al 1992;McNeil et al 1994;Kendell et al 1996;Hultman et al 1997), or representative birth cohorts (Done et al 1991;Buka et al 1993;Dalman et al 1999;Rosso et al, in press). The two studies reporting null results are not outliers in this respect, only in that the 95 percent confidence intervals of their risk estimates included values of 1 (Done et al 1991;Buka et al 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Prospective Cohort Study of Genetic and Perinatal Influences in the Etiology of Schizophrenia

Rosso

et al. 2000

Schizophrenia Bulletin

192

142

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In this study, we examined whether fetal hypoxia and other obstetric complications (OCs) are related to risk for adult schizophrenia; whether such effects are specific to cases with an early age at onset; and whether the obstetric influences depend on, covary with, or are independent of familial risk. Subjects were 72 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder; 63 of their siblings not diagnosed with schizophrenia; and 7,941 nonpsychiatric controls, whose gestations and births were monitored prospectively with standard research protocols as part of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project Adult psychiatric morbidity was ascertained via a longitudinal treatment data base indexing regional public health service utilization, and diagnoses were made by review of all pertinent medical records according to DSM-IV criteria. We found that the odds of schizophrenia increased linearly with increasing number of hypoxia-assodated OCs and that this effect was specific to cases with an early age at onset/first treatment contact There were no relationships between schizophrenia and birth weight or other (prenatal/nonhypoxic) OCs. Siblings of patients with schizophrenia were no more likely to have suffered hypoxia-associated OCs than were nonpsychiatric cohort controls. Because the majority of individuals exposed to fetal hypoxia did not develop schizophrenia, such factors likely are incapable of causing schizophrenia on their own. Together, these findings suggest that hypoxia acts additively or interactively with genetic factors in influencing liability to schizophrenia. We propose a model In which the neurotoxic effects of fetal hypoxia may lead to an earlier onset of psychosis because of premature pruning of cortical synapses.

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“…Previous work has shown that obstetrical complica tions place infants at increased risk for later develop ment of psychosis, compared to their siblings [10,12]. Furthermore, studies on discordant monozygotic twins have revealed that perinatal insults were much more likely to involve the schizophrenic than the nonschi zophrenic twin [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Distress and Prognosis of Psychotic Illness

Wilcox

Nasrallah

1987

Neuropsychobiology

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The medical histories of a group of 511 patients hospitalized for schizophrenia were examined for the occurrence of perinatal distress. These patients were part of a 40-year follow-up study, so that their prognostic outcome was known at the time of this study. In this way, 200 cases of chronic schizophrenia were compared with 311 cases of psychotics with good prognosis. It was found that a history of perinatal distress was much more common in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group. This difference could not be accounted for by age or family history of psychiatric illness.

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Childhood development patterns of hospitalized adult schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients and their siblings.

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

Non-Right-Handedness and Obstetrical Complications in Paranoid Hallucinatory Schizophrenics

Non-Right-Handedness and Obstetrical Complications in Paranoid Hallucinatory Schizophrenics

A Prospective Cohort Study of Genetic and Perinatal Influences in the Etiology of Schizophrenia

Perinatal Distress and Prognosis of Psychotic Illness

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