Perinatal Distress and Prognosis of Psychotic Illness

Wilcox, John M.; Nasrallah, Henry A.

doi:10.1159/000118359

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Recent studies investigating the role of PBCs in schizophrenia have reported increased rates of PBCs in people with schizophrenia when compared to: (1) unrelated controls (Pollock & Greenberg 1966;McNeill & Kaij 1978;Jacobsen & Kinney 1980;Wilcox & Nasrallah 1987;Foerster et al 1991;O'Callaghan et al 1992;Mednick 1994;Verdoux & Bourgeois 1993;Buka et al 1993); (2) siblings and/or other family members (Woemer et al 1973;Pamas et al 1982;deLisi et al 1988;Goodman & Emroy 1992;Huen & Maier 1993); (3) co-twins (Stabenau et al 1967;Bracha et al 1992;Onstad et al 1992). The findings of studies investigating the role of PBCs suggest that such complications are important in the aetiology of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Pregnancy and Birth Complications In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia in people with intellectual disability: the role of pregnancy and birth complications

O’Dwyer

1997

J Intellect Disabil Res

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The literature suggests that mental illness is more common in people with intellectual disability than in the general population. Having reviewed the literature, Turner (1989) [Psychological Medicine 19, 301-14] suggested that about 3% of people with intellectual disability also have schizophrenia. As pregnancy and birth complications (PBCs) occur more commonly in people with intellectual disability than in the general population and are also implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia, it is possible that these conditions share a common aetiology. This study reports on the occurrence of PBCs in those people with intellectual disability who develop schizophrenia. Fifty people with intellectual disability and schizophrenia were matched for age, sex, degree of intellectual disability and presence of epilepsy with a control group who did not suffer from schizophrenia or a schizophreniform psychosis. The obstetric history was obtained and events rated on a scale specifically designed for this study. This PBCs scale consists of six sub-scales covering areas of general maternal health, pregnancy, delivery, medication in labour, total medication score and neonatal score, as well as an overall total score. The study found that people with intellectual disability who develop schizophrenia have significantly higher rates of PBCs than controls. All of the sub-scales on the PBCs scale were significantly higher in people with schizophrenia, with the exception of the medication scales. Only five out of the 50 people with schizophrenia had not had a major obstetric complication, compared to 13 subjects from the control group. A number of abnormalities were specifically higher in people who later developed schizophrenia. These included: abnormally long or short labour; maternal episiotomy; maternal preeclamptic toxaemia; induction of labour; dysmaturity; maternal smoking in pregnancy; and a delay in neonatal crying. The results suggest that PBCs are important in the aetiology of schizophrenia in people with intellectual disability.

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Section: Pregnancy and Birth Complications In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia in people with intellectual disability: the role of pregnancy and birth complications

O’Dwyer

1997

J Intellect Disabil Res

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“…It is interesting, therefore, that males with schizophrenia are more likely than their female counterparts to have a history of OCs (Wilcox and Nasrallah 1987; Pearlson et al 1989; Foerster et al 1991 b , 1991 c ). Furthermore, males are more likely to exhibit structural brain abnormalities than females; Castle and Murray (1991 a ) reviewed 10 imaging studies (6 CT and 4 MRI) that report this.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neurodevelopmental Approach to the Classification of Schizophrenia

Murray

O’Callaghan²,

Castle³

et al. 1992

Schizophrenia Bulletin

461

185

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The conventional distinction between schizophrenia and manic depression has received little objective support from recent studies of phenomenology, outcome, or familial homotypy. Instead, much clinical, epidemiological, and morphological evidence suggests that within the broad range of Schneiderian schizophrenia there exists one form (congenital schizophrenia) that can be distinguished from other types, the manifestations of which are confined to adult life. We hypothesize that congenital schizophrenia is a consequence of aberrant brain development during fetal and neonatal life. Such patients show structural brain changes and cognitive impairment, and in their male predominance, early onset, and poor outcome, they reflect Kraepelin's original description of dementia praecox. We contend that adult-onset schizophrenia is itself heterogeneous. One important component is a relapsing and remitting disorder that is more frequent in females than in males, exhibits positive but not negative symptoms, and has much in common etiologically with affective psychosis. There also exists a very-late-onset group in which degenerative brain disorder is implicated.

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“…In schizophrenic populations, males are more likely to have a history of obstetric complications than are females (Pearlson et al 1985;Wilcox & Nasrallah, 1987;Owen et al 1988;Foerster et al 1991ft). This is consonant with the fact that structural brain anomalies have been reported more commonly in male than female schizophrenics (see Table 1).…”

Section: Brain Abnormalities In Schizophrenic Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%