Childhood Body Composition in Relation to Body Mass Index

Maynard, L. Michele; Wisemandle, Wayne; Roche, Alex F.; Chumlea, Wm. Cameron; Guo, Shutao; Siervogel, Roger M.

doi:10.1542/peds.107.2.344

Cited by 403 publications

(350 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The lean body mass rather than the fat mass contributes the annual increment in the BMI of school-aged children and adolescents [27]. However, the BMI of children and adolescents is strongly associated with blood pressure [28], as well as adiposity (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and metabolic risk factors, including glucose, insulin, and lipids [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early manifestation of cardiovascular disease risk factors in offspring of mothers with previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus

Lee

Jang

Park³

et al. 2007

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early manifestation of cardiovascular disease risk factors in offspring of mothers with previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus

Lee

Jang

Park³

et al. 2007

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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“…Using hydrodensitometry in a study of children (aged 8-18 years), Maynard et al (2001) revealed that weight increase in boys was mostly related to the increase in muscle mass, while variations in fat mass were slightly negative between the ages Fat mass in healthy population S Aguado Henche et al of 14 and 15, and between the ages of 16 and 17. In girls, weight increases related mostly to the increase in lean mass through the age of 16, and thereafter to increases in fat mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major limitation of BMI is that it does not differentiate between weight that is fat and weight that is muscle, and therefore may lead to the misclassification of very muscular individuals as overweight. Whether fat or lean mass is dominant depends on age, sex, pubertal stage and ethnicity (Daniels et al, 1997;Maynard et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

2007

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Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of total and regional fat mass according to gender, and to establish age and gender-related differences in a largely non-obese sedentary Spanish sample population using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subject/Methods: A total of 1113 healthy subjects (397 male and 716 female) from the city of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain, were used in the study. Fat mass measures were obtained from DXA scans of all subjects. Total body fat and body fat in three subregions (trunk, arms and legs) were evaluated. Results: As opposed to males, females showed from early infancy a smaller rate of muscular mass and a larger percentage of body fat (from 10 years of age), with fat deposits being basically gynoid or peripheral. With age, females showed a greater increase in fat mass together with an accelerated loss of muscular mass. Both rates tended to level out between 51 and 65 years of age. Between the ages of 40 and 60, females exhibited significant morphological evidence of larger fat depots in their legs. Conclusions: Gender differences in the patterns of proportion and distribution of body fat, as well as in the pattern of body fat evolution, were found from early infancy. Further research is required, including assessing fat mass variables in order to unravel the dynamic of body composition and to understand the complex relationship between trunk fat mass deposits and the health risks associated with obesity.

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“…On the other hand, a deficit of the body mass may be due to a fat-free mass deficit or mobilization of fat mass, or both combined (Heber et al, 1996). In terms of body composition, it has been observed that, in each sex, annual increases in BMI were driven primarily by increases in fat free mass/ stature 2 until late adolescence, with increases in total body fat/stature 2 contributing to a larger proportion of the BMI increases in girls than in boys (Maynard et al, 2001). In a group of 280 adolescents from Zaragoza, we measured BF% by DXA (Rodríguez et al, 2004); obesity status was defined by IOTF cutoff values (Cole et al, 2000), and subjects were therefore classified into three groups: normal-weight, overweight and obese.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric body fat composition reference values in Spanish adolescents. The AVENA Study

et al. 2005

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Objective: To determine reference values for body mass index (BMI), sum of six skinfolds ( P 6 skinfolds) and body fat percentage (BF%) in Spanish adolescents aged 13-18 years, included in the AVENA Study (Alimentació n y Valoració n del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes: Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Adolescents). Design: Multicentre cross-sectional study. Setting: Representative sample of Spanish adolescents. Subjects: The population was selected by means of a multiplestep, simple random sampling. The final number of subjects included in the AVENA Study was 2859 adolescents; 2160 adolescents had a complete set of anthropometric measurements and were then included in this study (1109 males and 1051 females). Interventions: Weight, height and six skinfold thicknesses were measured. As indices of total adiposity, we calculated BMI, P 6 skinfolds and BF% with the formulas described by Slaughter et al. Results: P 6 skinfolds and BF% in each age group were significantly higher in females than in males. In males, age showed a significant effect for BMI, P 6 skinfolds and BF%; however, in females, the effect was only significant for BF%. The percentile distribution was more disperse towards higher P 6 skinfolds and BF% values in males when compared with females. Conclusions: The presented percentile values will help us to classify adolescents in comparison with a well-established reference population, and to estimate the proportion of adolescents with high or low adiposity amounts.

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Childhood Body Composition in Relation to Body Mass Index

Abstract: Unlike adults, annual increases in BMI during childhood are generally attributed to the lean rather than to the fat component of BMI. Because the properties of BMI vary during childhood, health care professionals must consider factors such as age and sex when interpreting BMI.

Cited by 403 publications

References 24 publications

Early manifestation of cardiovascular disease risk factors in offspring of mothers with previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus

Early manifestation of cardiovascular disease risk factors in offspring of mothers with previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Anthropometric body fat composition reference values in Spanish adolescents. The AVENA Study

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