Child Sexual Abuse: Demography, Impact, and Interventions

Abstract

Because child sexual abuse (CSA) includes experiences from noncontact abuse to violent rape, the impact on victims varies greatly. Rape has the highest rates of posttraumatic stress disorder of any trauma. Depression and anxiety are associated with CSA, whereas sexualized behaviors, victim stigmatization, and shame are specific to it. The demography of CSA differs from other forms of child maltreatment by gender and social class, so that the risk factors for occurrence and prevention also differ. Evidence-based interventions for many kinds of childhood trauma and maltreatment were first established by CSA clinicians and researchers. Although well-established treatments for child and adult CSA victims now exist, evidence-based interventions are still needed for older adolescent CSA victims, especially those with polyvictimization histories.

Déficit en habilidades gráficas en niños víctimas de maltrato intrafamiliar institucionalizados / Deficit on graphic skills in children victims of institutionalized domestic abuse

“…Así lo demuestran diversos estudios en otros lugares, que a pesar de las buenas intervenciones resulta muy difícil que éstas alcancen el éxito esperado (Alarcón, Araujo, Cogoy, & Vera, 2010) (Mikton & Butchart, 2009) (Morelato, 2011) (Olafson, 2011) (Olaya, Tarragona, de la Osa, & Ezpeleta, 2008). Esto se complementa con una amplia descripción de los efectos de la violencia en el ámbito físico (Garcia deKeltai, 2006) (Lachica, 2010), psicológico (Calvete & Orue, 2012) (Harding, Morelen, Thomassin, Bradbury, & Shaffer, 2013) (Hulette, Freyd, & Fisher, 2011), social (Alexander, 2011) (Brietzke, y otros, 2012) y en los últimos años esta área de investigación se ha nutrido con los aportes de las neurociencias, éstos han demostrado sus graves consecuencias en la estructura y funcionamiento cerebral (Mesa & Moya, 2011) (Carrión, Weems, Watson, Eliez, Menon, & Reiss, 2008 (Gallardo, 2011) (Kočovská, y otros) (Morris, Compas, & Garber, 2012) (Wilson, Hansen, & Li, 2011), íntimamente relacionado a alteraciones encontradas en funciones cognitivas, (Bücker, y otros, 2012) (Carrión, Wong, & Kletter, 2013) (Kale & Urbano, 2013) (Shenk, Putnam, & Noll, 2013).…”

Program “Jari Peri” sebagai Pelindung Anak dari Kekerasan Seksual

“…KSA terdiri atas dua bentuk, yaitu kontak dan non-kontak (Kinnear, 2007;Olafson, 2011, Vivolo, dkk., 2010. KSA kontak misalnya mencium anak secara intim, membelai anak dengan tujuan memperoleh kepuasan, memasukkan jari atau penis ke dalam vagina atau anus, dan berhubungan seksual.…”

“…KSA menimbulkan berbagai dampak buruk terhadap anak baik secara fisik maupun psikis (Olafson, 2011;CecenErogul & Harisci, 2013). Umumnya pelaku adalah orang yang dekat dan dipercaya oleh anak.…”

“…Umumnya pelaku adalah orang yang dekat dan dipercaya oleh anak. Dampak psikis paling berat bagi anak adalah munculnya post traumatic stress disorder (Olafson, 2011). Dampak psikis lain misalnya kecemasan, tidak adanya harapan akan masa depan, prestasi sekolah yang buruk, depresi, adanya keinginan untuk bunuh diri, psikosomatis, perilaku antisosial, atau agresivitas (Stanley, 2011;Tuscic, Flander, & Mateskovic, 2013).…”

Institutional abuse and societal silence: An emerging global problem

“…This enormously significant ongoing study demonstrates the enduring, strongly proportionate, and frequently profound relationship between adverse childhood experiences and emotional states, disease burdens, high-risk sexual behaviour, self-destruction, drug abuse, health risks/healthcare costs, and early death, even decades later (Felitti and Anda, 2010). Furthermore, a recent detailed review found that child sexual abuse is intimately related to increased risk for poly-victimization, social stigmatization, and impaired attitudes toward the self and the social world (Olafson, 2011).…”