Background: The quality of food service in a hospital can be assessed from the inpatients’ nutritional status. Food waste is an indicator of food service among inpatients. Besides its therapeutic value, food has a significant economic value. The wasting cost in term of food waste affects the total availability of food costs.Objective: This study analyzes the nutrient quantity and the cost of food waste among inpatients with regular diet at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta.Method: This was a cross sectional study. The subjects were inpatients aged 17 to 60 years old who got regular diet with length of stay was at least three days, and were willing to take part in this study (n=100). The amount of food waste was measured using the Comstock visual estimation. The cost of food waste was calculated as the proportion of food waste from cost per serving. The quantity of nutrients in food waste was calculated using the Food Processor 2 software. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results: There was a difference of food waste according to gender. Rice waste was found more frequent among female (p<0,005). There was a difference of food waste according to ward class. There were more waste of meat and vegetables among inpatients in class II and the difference was significant (p<0,05). There were more waste of meat and vegetables among patients with length stay of 7 – 14 days and > 15 days (p<0,05). The vegetables and rice waste were more frequent among surgery and cancer inpatients (p<0,05). In average the nutritional value of food waste was 19,85% - 9,33% of a patient’s RDA, while the wasting cost per day was Rp 1265,08 or 10,79% of all food cost per day. The annual wasting cost of food waste was Rp 45.543.120 or 4,4% of the available budget of Rp 1.038.605.333,00.Conclusion: There were differences of food waste according to gender, ward class, length of stay, and kind of disease, especially rice, meat, and vegetables.
Background: The incident of malnutrition, when it is being examined, will caused mortality in 54% children under five years old. Malnutrition in children under five years old based on districts in Indonesia with prevalence of > 40% (very high) is located in 35 districts which one them is West Kotawaringin district (Kobar). The result of nutrition status measurement survey or statistic center survey in Kobar district in the year of 2005 showed that the prevalence of lack nutrition of children under five years old was 13.1 % and malnutrition was 2.3%. Children under five years old who were below the red line from January to May 2006 was 5%, 4%, 4%, 4.1% and 4.6%. The improvement of nutrition condition is necessary to improve health, decrease mortality rate of infants and children under five years old, improve the ability of growth, physical, mental, child social, work productivity as well as academic achievement. One of the approaches that are often used is by conveying message or information through education, teaching and information so that it can be well obtained and understood.Objective: This research was aimed to improve knowledge, attitude and behavior of mother of children under five years old who joint the health information with audiovisual media, module and control as well as to find out the different level of the improvement before and after intervention.Method: This was a quasi-experimental research that used pretest – posttest with control group design (random allocation). The population was allocated in three groups; control, treatment and audiovisual groups with 15 mothers who had mildly and severely malnourished children under five years of age respectively.Result: The improvement of knowledge, attitude and behavior of mothers who had children under five years old who joint the information with audiovisual media was higher than those who joint the information with module and control group. There was a difference on knowledge, attitude and behavior of mother of children under five years old before and after intervention.Conclusion: The result of the research showed that, in general, audiovisual method was better than module method and module method was better than without intervention (control group). Therefore, audiovisual was the best method to be used.
AbstrakKekerasan seksual pada anak (KSA) merupakan aktivitas seksual yang melibatkan anak-anak oleh orang yang lebih dewasa. Perbuatan ini mengakibatkan trauma, baik fisik, psikis, sosial, maupun perilaku. Fenomena ini tidak selalu terlaporkan mengingat keadaan, kesediaan atau keberanian korban untuk melaporkan, dukungan keluarga untuk mempertahankan laporan ke polisi, dan kepedulian berbagai pihak pada perlindungan anak. Demi melindungi anak maka diperlukan suatu strategi preventif untuk mengantisipasi meluasnya kasus tersebut. Media buklet diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu bentuk media pendukung pencegahan terhadap KSA. Suatu studi dilakukan untuk menguji apakah media buklet dapat dipakai sebagai alat pencegahan KSA, khususnya bagi siswa sekolah dasar (SD). Metode studi yaitu deskriptif dengan subjek 4 orang ahli media. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk mengukur kelayakan media buklet melalui penilaian para ahli media tersebut. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa warna, tipe huruf, ukuran huruf, kesesuaian antara gambar dan kata, maupun kalimat serta substansi materi yang terdapat dalam buklet yang diuji sudah sesuai untuk siswa, walau dengan beberapa saran untuk direvisi. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa medium buklet dapat diterapkan pada siswa SD sebagai alat pendukung pencegahan KSA. Kata kunci: Kekerasan seksual anak, buklet, media pencegahan AbstractChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a sexual activity involving the children by the adults. The acts have caused physical, psychological, social, and behavior trauma as well. This phenomena was not always been recorded, due to circumstances and the courages of the victims and family to report to the police, as well as concern of various parties to protect the children. For the sake of child protection, a prevention strategy is needed to anticipate the cases spread out. Booklet is expected to be one of the supporting media for CSA prevention. A study was carried out to test the use of booklet as the prevention medium for the CSA, especially for the elementary school students. This is a descriptive method using 4 media experts as subject. Descriptive analysis was used to measure the booklet use through the media experts review. As result, this study found that colors, font type, font size, compatibility of pictures and words, and sentences, as well as materials are suited to the elementary school students, although there are some revisions needed. It can be concluded that booklet can be applied as preventive tool toward the CSA, particularly for the elementary school students.
Abstract. Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is a form of violation against children's rights and it leads to various negative effects on them. In order to protect them, it is necessary to conduct primary prevention through developing teachers to be CSApreventing agents. Therefore, they need good self-efficacy in teaching about the issue so that their students will be able to comprehend it well. This study aimed to observe the improvement of teachers' self-efficacy related to their teaching of the issue. This study used a quantitative research method with the untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest sample. The subjects of this research were elementary school teachers chosen purposively. Mixed Anova analysis was used to measure the increase of teachers' self-efficacy in teaching this issue to their students. The self-efficacy of teachers in the experiment group was higher than those in control group. Keywords: child sexual abuse, primary prevention, CSA-preventing agentAbstrak. Kekerasan Seksual terhadap Anak (KSA) merupakan bentuk pelanggaran hak anak dan menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif pada anak. Demi melindungi anak, maka perlu dilakukan prevensi primer melalui pengembangan guru sebagai agen prevensi. Guru sebagai agen prevensi KSA membutuhkan efikasi mengajar prevensi KSA yang baik agar siswa yang diampunya dapat menguasai topik tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efikasi guru dalam mengajarkan prevensi KSA kepada siswa. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitiatif dengan rancangan the untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest sample. Subjek yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah guru SD yang dipilih secara purposif. Anava campuran digunakan untuk mengukur peningkatan efikasi guru dalam mengajar prevensi KSA kepada siswa sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Efikasi guru dalam mengajar prevensi KSA kepada siswa pada kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol. Kata kunci: kekerasan seksual terhadap anak, prevensi primer, guru sebagai agen prevensi
This study aims to test the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions decrease ego depletion in new students. Hypothesis in this research is mindfulness-based intervention can decrease ego depletion of the new student. This study uses a quasi-experimental with the design of untreated-control-group with pretest-postest using switching replication. This intervention consists of one session plus an opening session, planning and closing. A total of 15 new students with moderate to high ego depletion are divided into control and experiment groups. The instruments used in this study are EDS and KIMS. Quantitative analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney statistical test and qualitative analysis. The results showed that mindfulness-based interventions were significant to decreasing ego depletion in new students (U = 0.000, P <0.001) and the therapeutic effect of these interventions could persist at least two weeks post-intervention.
Kekerasan seksual pada anak (KSA) merupakan pemaksaan atau ancaman seorang anak dalam aktivitas seksual yang dilakukan orang dewasa atau teman sebaya. Kekerasan seksual tidak hanya terjadi dikalangan anak-anak pada umumnya namun juga terjadi pada anak yang berkebutuhan khusus, karena mereka belum dapat mengenal dengan baik organ vital yang harus dilindungi (misal vagina, payudara, penis, dan pantat). Hal tersebut dapat menjadikan trauma baik fisik, psikologis maupun sosial. Ironisnya kejadian ini tidak selalu terlaporkan baik kepada pihak yang berwenang ataupun lembaga perlindungan anak. Agar kejadian ini tidak semakin meningkat, maka dibutuhkan suatu strategi prevensi primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah progam Jari Peri (guru ajari perlindungan diri) dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dan efikasi mengajarkan prevensi KSA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan eksperimen kuasi the untreated control group design with multiple dependent pretest and posttest. Uji statistik menggunakan mixed design ANOVA. Skala efikasi digunakan untuk mengetahui peningkatan efikasi mengajar guru, cheklis keterampilan komunikasi. Abstract: The child sexual abuse (CSA) is coercion or threat of a child in sexual activity of adults or the opposite sex of peers. The sexual abuse is not only occurred among children in general, but also occurred in children with special needs, because they do not familiar with the vital organs that should be protected (e. g vagina, breast, penis, and buttocks). This is able to make a trauma, either physical, psychological or social. Ironically, this incident is not always reported to the authorities or child protection agencies. For this incident does not increase, it needs to take a strategy primary prevention. The purpose of this study is to determine how effective the program of “jari peri†(the teachers teach self-protection) to improve skills and teacher's efficacy for the prevention of child sexual abuse. The method used in this study was a quantitative method with quasi-experimental; untreated control group design with multiple dependent pretest and posttest. The statistical test used was mixed-design ANOVA. Efficacy scale was used to determine the increase in teacher efficacy, checklist skill of verbal and non-verbal communication to determine the increase in teacher's skill and knowledge manipulation checks used to determine the increase in teacher's understanding. Twenty teachers of educated special school SLB-C P and SLB-C N in Yogyakarta were selected purposively. The result showed a comparison between the experiment and control group which have a significant difference for the skill of delivering CSA prevention (F=127, 447; p less than 0.05) and there is no significant difference for efficacy teaching CSA prevention (F=3.560; p less than 0.05). Therefore program of Jari Peri can improve the skill of delivering CSA prevention to the SLB-C teacher, but it can not improve the efficacy of teaching prevention of CSA on the teacher of SLB-C.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beban psikologis dengan kualitas hidup yang dimoderatori oleh koping religius pada caregiver wanita dengan kanker payudara. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 70 responden yang merupakan caregiver keluarga wanita dengan kanker payudara di Ruang Instalasi Kanker Terpadu “Tulip” RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Terdapat tiga alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian diantaranya WHOQOL-BREF yang sudah diadaptasi sebelumnya ke dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk mengukur kualitas hidup, skala beban psikologis untuk mengukur beban psikologis dan skala koping religius untuk mengukur koping religius yang mana kedua skala merupakan skala yang sudah digunakan dalam penelitian sebelumnya dan dimodifikasi. Analisis data menggunakan Moderated Regression Analysis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beban psikologis secara signifikan memprediksi kualitas hidup (B= -0,388, p kurang dari 0,01) dengan sumbangan efektif sebesar 15,0 persen, sedangkan koping religius tidak terbukti memoderatori hubungan antara beban psikologis dan kualitas hidup (p lebih dari 0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah beban psikologis dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pada caregiver wanita dengan kanker payudara. Koping religius tidak memoderatori hubungan antara beban psikologis dan kualitas hidup pada caregiver wanita dengan kanker payudara. Abstract. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between psychological burden and quality of life moderated by religious coping among caregivers of women with breast cancer. A total of subjects in this study were 70 family caregivers of women with breast cancer in the Intensive Cancer Center “Tulip” Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Data were collected using three scales such as WHOQOL-BREF to measure the quality of life which has been previously adapted in Bahasa Indonesia, and Psychological Burden Scale to measure psychological burden and the Religious Coping Scale to measure religious coping were both measurements from a previous study which was modified to fit the subjects of study. Analysis of data using Moderated Regression Analysis. This study showed that psychological burden significantly predicts the quality of life (B= -0,388; p less than 0,01) with effective contribution 15 percent, whereas religious coping was not proven to moderate the relation between psychological burden and quality of life (p more than 0,05). In conclusion, the psychological burden could affect the quality of life among caregivers of women with breast cancer. Religious coping did not moderate the relationship between psychological burden and quality of life among caregivers of women with breast cancer.
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