Chicory Productivity, Forage Quality, and Response to Nitrogen Fertilization

Collins, Michael; McCoy, Joe E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900020013x

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Plantas jovens de V. herbacea responderam progressivamente às doses crescentes de adubação nitrogenada, enquanto em plantas com 12 meses de idade, respostas positivas ocorreram apenas nas doses entre 6 e 12 kg.ha -1 de nitrogênio (figura 1). Tais resultados são consistentes com aqueles obtidos por Collins & McCoy (1997) que constataram diferentes respostas quanto à produção de raízes tuberosas de C. intybus em função da idade das plantas. Nesse estudo, plantas de C. intybus com um ano mostraram resposta linear crescente ao aumento das doses do nitrogênio e plantas com dois anos apresentaram dois tipos de respostas: linear crescente e quadrática crescente, com um ponto máximo na dose de 150 kg ha -1 de nitrogênio.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Crescimento e conteúdo de frutanos em plantas de Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby submetidas à adubação nitrogenada

et al. 2003

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-(Growth and fructan contents in plants of Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby cultivated under nitrogen supply). Plants of V. herbacea accumulate high amounts of fructans of the inulin type in the underground organs, named rhizophores. The effect of different concentrations of nitrogen, 6, 12 and 24 kg N.ha -1 supplied as (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on plant growth and fructan accumulation was investigated in plants obtained from rhizophore fragments and cultivated in a cerrado area. Young, six-month-old plants, showed lower amounts of fructans and increases in height, leaf area, dry mass of the aerial organs and rhizophores with increasing concentrations of nitrogen. After 12 months, growth was estimulated only in plants receiving 6 to 12 kg N.ha -1 . The data showed that in young plants fructan content is negatively correlated to growth and to increasing nitrogen concentrations. On the contrary, plants with 12 months treated with 24 kg N.ha -1 accumulated 6.0 g fructan per plant while in control plants, not treated with supplementary N, this value was only 3.5 g. These results indicate that the 24 kg N.ha -1 concentration is recomended for fructan production in plants with 12 months.Key words -Asteraceae, cerrado, fructan, inulin, plant growth RESUMO -(Crescimento e conteúdo de frutanos em plantas de Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby submetidas à adubação nitrogenada). Vernonia herbacea acumula altas concentrações de frutanos do tipo inulina em seus órgãos subterrâneos de reserva, denominados rizóforos. Foi estudada a influência da adubação nitrogenada no crescimento dessa espécie e na produção de frutanos. Plantas obtidas a partir de fragmentos de rizóforos foram cultivadas em área de cerrado onde receberam três doses de nitrogênio: 6, 12 e 24 kg N.ha -1 na forma de (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . Plantas jovens, com seis meses de idade, mostraram aumento em altura, área foliar e massa seca da parte aérea e dos rizóforos em resposta ao aumento da dose de nitrogênio. Por outro lado, o teor de frutanos decresceu com o aumento da concentração do nitrogênio. Após doze meses de cultivo, o crescimento das plantas foi estimulado apenas nas doses entre 6 e 12 kg.ha -1 de nitrogênio. Os resultados mostraram, também, que o teor de frutanos em plantas jovens está correlacionado negativamente tanto ao crescimento quanto às concentrações crescentes de nitrogênio. Já as plantas tratadas com 24 kg N.ha -1 chegaram a acumular 6,0 g de frutanos por planta, enquanto nas plantas controle, que não receberam N suplementar, esse valor foi de 3,5 g. Assim, aplicação de 24 kg N.ha -1 é recomendada para uma colheita antecipada (12 meses) visando à produção de frutanos.Palavras-chave -Asteraceae, cerrado, frutano, inulina, crescimento vegetal IntroduçãoA baixa fertilidade e a deficiência hídrica do solo encontram-se entre os principais fatores limitantes da produtividade vegetal (Haridasan et al. 1997). Estudos sobre fertilidade do solo são amplamente documentados para espécies cultivadas (Marschner 1995), porém são escassas as informações a respeito das exi...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Crescimento e conteúdo de frutanos em plantas de Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby submetidas à adubação nitrogenada

et al. 2003

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“…It is native to Europe, Western and Central Asia, North Africa and South America and is after intensive breeding efforts gaining popularity in grassland due to its high forage quality and productivity (Barry, 1998;Belesky et al, 2001;Collins and McCoy, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and quality, competition and facilitation of chicory in ryegrass/legume-based pastures under various nitrogen supply levels

Høgh‐Jensen¹,

Nielsen²,

Thamsborg

2006

European Journal of Agronomy

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Traditional perennial ryegrass-white clover mixtures have limitations in combined productivity and quality that herbs like chicory may alleviate. This study examined the consequences on productivity and quality of as well as competition and facilitation after introducing chicory into varies ryegrass-legume-based pastures in a field study over three consecutive growing seasons. A cultivar of chicory, suitable for grazing, in pure stand was found to out-yield a pure stand ryegrass in terms of dry matter and nitrogen (N) accumulation but was found to yield similar to mixtures of chicory and ryegrass. The inclusion of chicory, increased N accumulation per area unit irrespective of associated leguminous species but had no effect (P > 0.05) on the combined dry matter yield of these mixtures as compared to the chicory-ryegrass mixture. Chicory was not found to co-exist well with associated fodder legumes but it co-existed well with perennial ryegrass. Determined by a direct 15 N plant labelling technique, chicory transferred little N to associated legumes and under moderate soil N conditions it almost out-competed the white clover whereas lucerne was able to withstand the competition with birdsfoot trefoil as intermediate. Chicory and ryegrass did exchange N amounting to less than 5% of the receiver plants' N economy whereas the N transfer from the N-rich lucerne constituted 15% of the associated ryegrass' N economy but less (P < 0.05) of the chicory's N economy. These differences are ascribed to the species' root morphology and root zonation. Chicory accumulated large amounts of calcium, potassium, sodium and zinc but significant less of magnesium and manganese, irrespective of the N supply. In the case of sodium it was a short-term effect whereas calcium and possibly also sulphur, copper and zinc accumulation increased over time. It is concluded that chicory may improve the management of intensive dairy farms with a large N surplus because of the increase in productivity per unit area and N uptake efficiency and add significant improvements of the quality of the forage.

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“…Extensive literature supports the value of Grasslands Puna for forage production, but very little is known about the development and production of Lacerta or Forage Feast. Early seedling development influences establishment success (Sanderson and Elwinger 2000) and ultimately sward persistence, but details on the influence of N application on development of forage chicory seedlings, while important are limited (Collins and McCoy 1997, Alemseged et al. 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry‐Matter Production, Allocation and Nutritive Value of Forage Chicory Cultivars as a Function of Nitrogen

Belesky¹,

Ruckle²,

Clapham³

2004

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Forage chicory cultivars vary in origin and morphology and may respond differently to nutrient inputs because of photosynthate allocation and resource acquisition. Understanding nitrogen (N) influences on chicory seedling development and allocation of photosynthates among plant parts is important in terms of stand establishment, plant persistence, herbage production and nutritive value. We conducted experiments in the glasshouse to determine if amount (0, 50 and 100 mg N kg−1 soil) and source (ammonium nitrate or urea) of exogenous N influenced leaf dry‐matter (DM) production, N nitrate (NO3) and total non‐structural carbohydrate (TNC) allocation among roots and shoots in the chicory cultivars Forage Feast, Lacerta or Grasslands Puna. Herbage DM productivity and the ratio of energy (TNC) : protein varied among cultivars because of differential photosynthate allocation between shoots and roots, and occurred later in the growth interval when N was applied. Forage Feast, compared with the other cultivars, produced the largest roots and greatest herbage DM without added N. Leaf appearance rate in Lacerta and Grasslands Puna increased with increasing N. Instantaneous growth rates of Grasslands Puna and Lacerta at 100 N were three times that of 0 N plants. Nitrate concentrations were very high in young seedlings of all three cultivars before applying N. The findings help define application practices for these cultivars and N management practices for optimal leaf production in establishing forage chicory plants.

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Chicory Productivity, Forage Quality, and Response to Nitrogen Fertilization

Cited by 53 publications

References 12 publications

Crescimento e conteúdo de frutanos em plantas de Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby submetidas à adubação nitrogenada

Crescimento e conteúdo de frutanos em plantas de Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby submetidas à adubação nitrogenada

Productivity and quality, competition and facilitation of chicory in ryegrass/legume-based pastures under various nitrogen supply levels

Dry‐Matter Production, Allocation and Nutritive Value of Forage Chicory Cultivars as a Function of Nitrogen

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