Chicken anaemia virus inoculated by the oral route causes lymphocyte depletion in the thymus in 3-week-old and 6-week-old chickens

Smyth, Joan A.; Moffett, D.; Connor, Thomas J.; McNulty, M. S.

doi:10.1080/03079450600717349

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The detection of CAV inclusions in the epithelioreticular cells and lymphoblasts with karyomegaly in the thymus cortex has been described in CAV infection [7,13,22]. Apoptotic bodies were infrequently observed in the present experiment after 14 days p.i.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The severity of the depletion varied in previous studies [10,14,22,28]. The degree of thymus atrophy in older chickens may vary with the CAV strains, dose and routes of inoculation and age of chickens [6,21,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of CAV [13]. However, Smyth et al [22] detect apoptotic bodies from 15 and 17 days up to 22 days p.i. The differences in the time course of detection of apoptotic bodies is likely due to the difference in route of inoculation, as oral infection usually delays delivery of a virus compared with intramuscular injection [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological and Immunohistochemical Studies of Subclinical Infection of Chicken Anemia Virus in 4-Week-Old Chickens

Haridy

Sasaki

Ikezawa

et al. 2012

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Subclinical infection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) at 4 to 6 weeks of age, after maternal antibodies have waned, is implicated in several field problems in broiler flocks. In order to understand the pathogenesis of subclinical infection with CAV, an immunopathological study of CAV-inoculated 4-week-old SPF chickens was performed. Sixty 4-week-old SPF chickens were equally divided into CAV and control groups. The CAV group was inoculated intramuscularly with the MSB1-TK5803 strain of CAV. Neither mortality nor anemia was detected in the CAV and control groups. In the CAV group, no signs were observed, except that some chickens were grossly smaller compared with the control group. Sporadic thymus lobes appeared to be reddening and atrophied. Within the first two weeks p.i. of CAV, there was a mild to moderate depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus cortex and spleen in some chickens. Moreover, lymphoid depletion of the bursa of Fabricius, proventriculus and cecal tonsils was observed. Hyperplastic lymphoid foci were observed in the liver, lungs, kidneys and heart at the 4th week p.i. of CAV. Immunohistochemically, a moderate lymphoid depletion of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the thymus cortex and spleen was observed in some chickens within two weeks p.i. of CAV. CAV inclusions and antigens were detected infrequently in the thymus cortex and spleen. It could be concluded that the immunosuppression in subclinical infection with CAV occurs as a result of reduction of cellular immunity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological and Immunohistochemical Studies of Subclinical Infection of Chicken Anemia Virus in 4-Week-Old Chickens

Haridy

Sasaki

Ikezawa

et al. 2012

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Increases in the thymic viral load were found to be associated with its tissue degeneration as lower thymus to body weight ratios were observed from 10 dpi onwards. Such effects were observed by others when virus was inoculated at a clinically susceptible age (Kaffashi et al 2006;Smyth et al 2006). Dissemination of the virus from Figure 7.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Pathogenesis of the virus with regard to the role of viral load on body weight gain, haematocrit values and antibody titres has been previously studied in CIAV-infected embryos and young chicks (Tan and Tannock 2005). Also, it was found that CIAV can also replicate in susceptible adult chicks at higher concentrations in the liver, thymus and spleen (Kaffashi et al 2006;Smyth et al 2006). Limited reports are available regarding the effect of CIAV on cytokine production especially those involved in cell-mediated immunity (Adair et al 1991;McConnell et al 1993a,b;Markowski-Grimsrud and Schat 2003;Basaraddi et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between cytokine profile,antibody titre and viral load during sub-clinical chicken anaemia virus infection

Wani¹,

Dhama²,

Latheef³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Th e present work was carried out to investigate the correlation between viral load and the cytokine profi le and virus specifi c antibody levels at fi ve day intervals up to 25 days post infection (dpi) in various tissues of chicks infected with chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) at six weeks of age (sub-clinical infection). For determining the viral load in the various tissues, recombinant plasmid VP2-pET32b was prepared and serially diluted tenfold for the generation of a standard curve using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cytokine fold changes in mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-12 in the spleen and IFN-γ, IL-12 in freshly collected whole blood were determined. Th e results showed that peak viral load occurs between 10-20 days post infection in the lymphoid tissues viz., thymus, spleen, liver, bone marrow, bursa and also blood, being highest in blood followed by thymus. A varied response in the expression levels of individual cytokines was observed during all the intervals post infection. Th e IFN-γ increased two to fi ve fold in blood and spleen while IL-2 decreased in the splenic tissue during the same period. Peak IFN-γ coincided with peak viral load in the spleen at 10 dpi while in blood it peaked earlier at fi ve days post infection and remained high during the peak viral load at 10-20 dpi. Virus specifi c antibodies were signifi cantly higher at 15 dpi and were thereafter found to be strongly associated with viral load regression although higher concentrations of virus remained in the blood and thymic tissues until 25 dpi, indicating a role of other immune components in virus clearance. In conclusion, this study reports a negative correlation of viral load and the progression of the antibody response and IFN-γ cytokine expression in chicks infected with CIAV during their sub-clinical infectious stage. However, cytokine expression from the various individual immune cells like monocytes, heterophils, CD4 + T, CD8 + T cells and others during the pathogenesis of this immunosuppressive poultry pathogen remains to be elucidated.

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Chicken Infectious Anemia and Circovirus Infections in Commercial Flocks

Schat¹,

Santen²

2019

Diseases of Poultry

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Chicken anaemia virus inoculated by the oral route causes lymphocyte depletion in the thymus in 3-week-old and 6-week-old chickens

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

Pathological and Immunohistochemical Studies of Subclinical Infection of Chicken Anemia Virus in 4-Week-Old Chickens

Pathological and Immunohistochemical Studies of Subclinical Infection of Chicken Anemia Virus in 4-Week-Old Chickens

Correlation between cytokine profile,antibody titre and viral load during sub-clinical chicken anaemia virus infection

Chicken Infectious Anemia and Circovirus Infections in Commercial Flocks

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