Chicken Infectious Anemia and Circovirus Infections in Commercial Flocks

Schat, Karel A.; Santen, Vicky L. van

doi:10.1002/9781119371199.ch8

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 290 publications

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“…In contrast, VP2 and VP3 genes are more conserved among isolates [ 16 ]. Thus, for the genetic characterization of CIAV strains, the VP1 gene is primarily used [ 17 ]. Phylogenetically, based on the nucleotide sequence of the VP1 gene, four distinct genogroups/genotypes (I, II, III and IV) have been identified [ 18 , 19 ] and reported worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CIAV is believed to be widespread in chicken producing countries; the course of the infection can be either clinical or subclinical [ 17 ]. The virus targets hemocytoblasts in the bone marrow and T lymphocytes in the thymus resulting in aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and thymus depletion [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infection of chickens older than two weeks of age usually runs a subclinical course. Regardless of the clinical outcome, CIA is always associated with immunosuppression, often followed in the field by secondary infections with other pathogens and impaired immune responses to vaccinations [ 17 ]. CIAV-infected birds are likely to develop subcutaneous gangrenous dermatitis and secondary viral or bacterial infections of the respiratory tract [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Heterogeneity among Chicken Infectious Anemia Viruses Detected in Italian Fowl

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et al. 2021

Animals

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Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is a pathogen of chickens associated with immunosuppression and with a disease named chicken infectious anemia. The present survey reports an epidemiological study on CIAV distribution in Italian broiler, broiler breeder and backyard chicken flocks. Twenty-five strains were detected by a specifically developed nested PCR protocol, and molecularly characterized by partial VP1 gene or complete genome sequencing. Viral DNA amplification was successfully obtained from non-invasive samples such as feathers and environmental dust. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed the circulation of field or potentially vaccine-derived strains with heterogeneous sequences clustered into genogroups II, IIIa, and IIIb. Marker genome positions, reported to be correlated with CIAV virulence, were evaluated in field strains. In conclusion, this is the first survey focused on the molecular characteristics of Italian CIAVs, which have proved to be highly heterogeneous, implementing at the same time a distribution map of field viruses worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Heterogeneity among Chicken Infectious Anemia Viruses Detected in Italian Fowl

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Mescolini

Catelli

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…A genetic mutation has been considered to be a contributor to persistently infectious viral disease. The CAV VPs 1, 2, and 3 have been shown to play critical roles during viral replication [ 25 ], although there remain no reports concerning the roles of the non-protein-coding genetic region upon viral replication. In the current study, no nucleotide mutations were observed in the protein-coding region of the CAV genome within the virus recovered from persistently infected MSB1 cells, indicating that the mechanisms of CAV persistent infection are not related to molecular changes in the viral genome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of an In Vitro Model of Persistent Chicken Anemia Virus Infection

et al. 2020

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Persistent infection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) in chickens has been suspected to result in immunosuppression and exogenous virus contamination within vaccine production. However, no direct evidence for persistent CAV infection has thus far been obtained. In this study, we aimed to establish an in vitro model of persistent CAV infection. CAV-infected MDCC-MSB1 (MSB1) cells, a Marek’s disease virus-transformed continuous cell line, were cultured in the presence of both CAV and CAV neutralizing antibody (NA). Cell viability, expression of viral antigens, viral DNA, and recovery of CAV were examined by acridine orange/propidium iodide staining, immunofluorescence measurement, real-time PCR, and viral isolation, respectively. The results indicated that CAV was maintained and possibly replicated in CAV-infected cells cultured in the presence of NA, without affecting host cell viability. It was also shown that persistently infectious CAV induced cell death again after removing NA. The persistent infection of CAV in MSB1 cells was not related to viral gene mutation. In summary, we have herein established a novel model of persistent CAV infection in MSB1 cells cultured in the presence of NA.

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“…The non-structural 30 kDa protein VP2 probably functions as a scaffold protein when virions accumulate. The 16 kDa viral protein VP3 locates in the nucleus of infected cells, but it cannot be identified in the purified viral bodies, 9 The product of the VP3 gene has been retitled apoptin due to its deathrelated capabilities. 10 The mentioned protein is capable of inducing apoptosis without using the suppressor pathway of the p53 tumor, but it is dependent on Bcl-2 tumor suppressor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiproliferative Effects of Recombinant Apoptin on Lung and Breast Cancer Cell Lines

et al. 2020

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Background: Selective therapy has always been the main challenge in cancer treatments. Various non-replicative oncolytic viral systems have revealed the safety and efficacy of using viruses and these products. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of recombinant apoptin on the proliferation of lung cancer and breast cancer cell lines. Methods: The present study consisted of two steps of expression of recombinant apoptin and its anti-proliferative effects on normal and cancer cells. In the first step, following bioinformatics and optimizing apoptin gene sequencing and synthesis, it was expressed using vector PET28a and E. coli BL21 (DE3). The expressed recombinant apoptin was confirmed by analytical SDSPAGE and then purified using Ni affinity chromatography. In the second step, the antiproliferative effects of recombinant apoptin on lung cancer, breast cancer and primary cell lines were determined using MTT assay. Results: According to the results of SDS-PAGE gel assay, recombinant apoptin was visible in the 14 kDa band. Also, the MTT assay results indicated that the antiproliferative effects of recombinant apoptin in cancer cell lines was different compared with the primary cell line, and followed a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. The highest cytotoxicity (lowest cell viability) groups were 0.2 mg/mL in lung cancer (0.32 ± 0.015) (P<0.001), and in breast cancer (0.33 ± 0.031) (P<0.001) and 0.032 mg/mL in primary cells (0.17 ± 0.004) (P<0.01), as compared to the control groups. Conclusion: Our results confirmed that recombinant apoptin can induce antiproliferative effects in lung cancer and breast cancer cell lines, but not in normal monkey kidney cell line Vero; thus, it can be introduced as a promising novel specific antitumor agent after further evaluation in clinical trials.

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Chicken Infectious Anemia and Circovirus Infections in Commercial Flocks

Cited by 15 publications

References 290 publications

Genetic Heterogeneity among Chicken Infectious Anemia Viruses Detected in Italian Fowl

Genetic Heterogeneity among Chicken Infectious Anemia Viruses Detected in Italian Fowl

Establishment of an In Vitro Model of Persistent Chicken Anemia Virus Infection

Antiproliferative Effects of Recombinant Apoptin on Lung and Breast Cancer Cell Lines

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