Chemo-Electrical Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hybrids

Abstract

Abstract:Conducting polymer (CP) hybrids, which combine CPs with heterogeneous species, have shown strong potential as electrical transducers in chemosensors. The charge transport properties of CPs are based on chemical redox reactions and provide various chemo-electrical signal transduction mechanisms. Combining CPs with other functional materials has provided opportunities to tailor their major morphological and physicochemical properties, often resulting in enhanced sensing performance. The hybrids can provide an enlarged effective surface area for enhanced interaction and chemical specificity to target analytes via a new signal transduction mechanism. Here, we review a selection of important CPs, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and their derivatives, to fabricate versatile organic and inorganic hybrid materials and their chemo-electrical sensing performance. We focus on what benefits can be achieved through material hybridization in the sensing application. Moreover, state-of-the-art trends in technologies of CP hybrid sensors are discussed, as are limitations and challenges.

Seeing the Unseen: The Role of Liquid Crystals in Gas‐Sensing Technologies

“…In this context, liquid crystalline materials can be implemented in gas‐sensing platforms. When compared with the typical gas sensing materials such as semiconductor metal oxides [ 40 ] or conducting polymers that require high temperatures to operate, [ 41 ] LC‐based sensing materials have been proven to exhibit higher selectivity (this term refers to sensor characteristics that determine whether it can respond selectively to a single or a group of analytes) even at low concentrations of analyte, in combination with the ability to operate at ambient conditions. [ 16 ] Furthermore, since this approach does not require the use of expensive and complex instrumentation, [ 42,43 ] LC‐based sensing materials are suitable for the development of portable, [ 44 ] low cost gas sensing devices for in situ, real time identification of gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).…”

Sensing layer combination of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods and graphene oxide for ultrahigh sensitivity IDE capacitive humidity sensor

“…Humidity sensors can be classified into two major groups based on sensor design configuration (electrical response behavior): resistive type and capacitive type . They are fabricated by metal oxide composites , conductive polymers , semiconductive materials , nanocomposites of polymers with nanorods/nanowires , and so on. They have been widely used in various application fields such as food and medicine , industrial drying processes, agriculture monitoring to control the climate condition, and so on.…”

Stable and sensitive amino-functionalized graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composites for room-temperature carbon dioxide sensing

“…5 Therefore, a variety of materials have been considered for application in gas sensors, including inorganic semiconductors, metal oxides, dyes, conducting polymers, and carbon nanomaterials. [6][7][8][9] Among these sensing materials, graphene, a two-dimensional monolayer of carbon atoms, has been identied as a promising sensing material owing to its exceptional chemical and electronic properties, mechanical stiffness, and electrical conductivity, [10][11][12] which are desirable properties for fabricating resistive-type CO 2 gas sensors. Research on graphene has focused on understanding the extensive range of electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene materials.…”

“…Polyaniline (PANI) has been widely studied for gas detection based on its high sensitivity, fast response time, and functionality at room temperature. 7,28 However, the poor cycling stability of PANI-based sensors remains a signicant obstacle for practical applications. However, the incorporation of conductive carbon materials can improve the cycle lifespan of PANI-based sensors.…”