Chemistry of Palmar Sweat

Lobitz, Walter C.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1948.01520150109014

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Such a mechanism, analogous to th at of the renal tubules, has been inferred by many, notably by Lobitz and Mason [11] and Conn [12]. We have also cited the high m etabolic activity of the eccrine duct, as shown by its content of succinate de hydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, as supporting evidence [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Phosphomonoesterases in Eccrine Sweat and Their Localization after Prolonged Sweating

Loewenthal¹,

Hins²

1963

Dermatology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Phosphomonoesterases in Eccrine Sweat and Their Localization after Prolonged Sweating

Loewenthal¹,

Hins²

1963

Dermatology

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“…The independence of glucose concentration from sweat rate was first noted by LOBITZ and OSTERBERG [34]. In this regard, glucose differs from all other components in sweat.…”

Section: Glucosementioning

confidence: 86%

“…6). Even when urea concentration in plasma is increased by a urea load, the sweat: plasma ratio remains the same [29,35,56,63,69].…”

Section: Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweat Composition in Relation to Rate of Sweating in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas

et al. 1968

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ExtractSingle sweat droplets were collected from a mineral oil-covered finger surface ( fig. 1). Rate of sweat production (sweat rate) per gland per hour was calculated. Using microtechniques, the concentrations of electrolytes and metabolites, osmolarity, pH, and viscosity were determined in undiluted pooled sweat. The following results were obtained:No significant difference was observed in sweat rate per gland between control subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (CFP).Concentrations of sodium and chloride in sweat rose with increasing sweat rates in both control subjects and patients with CFP. In the patients with CFP, the lowest values were between 70 and 90 mEq/1 and the curve approached isotonicity. Chloride values were consistently lower than those of sodium. Concentrations of potassium decreased with increasing sweat rate in control subjects approaching a value of about 10 mEq/1. In patients with CFP, the values for potassium were frequently twice as high as those in the control subjects. Concentration of calcium dropped rapidly with an increasing sweat rate from 10 to 1-2 mEq/1.Concentrations of lactic acid and urea were high at low sweat rates and decreased hyperbolically with increasing rates. In patients with CFP, the values of both components were lower than those in control subjects. Urea was uniformly more concentrated in sweat than in plasma; the sweat:plasma ratio approached 1.0 with increasing sweat rates.Creatinine concentrations decreased with increasing sweat rate. No difference was observed between values in two patients and two control subjects. Glucose concentration was low (0.2-6 mg/100 ml) and was independent of the sweat rate. No significant difference was observed in comparing five patients with CFP and six control subjects.In control subjects, osmolarity decreased, with increasing sweat rate, from 240 to approximately 120 mOsmol/1 and then increased (mean 163 mOsmol/1). In patients with CFP, the curve was similar in shape but began and ended in a range of approximately 320 m/Osmol/1 (mean 299 mOsmol/1).The pH of sweat was acid at low sweat rates (pH 3.5-6.0) and was slightly alkaline (pH 7.0-8.5) at high rates. No differences were observed when comparing five patients and five control subjects.Viscosity of sweat was significantly elevated in five patients with CFP in relation to that observed in eight control subjects. This may be explained by the elevated concentration of salt in sweat of patients with CFP.The excretory pattern of urea, lactic acid, and creatinine in sweat of patients with CFP, compared with that of control subjects, argues against an increased rate of water reabsorption in the excretory ducts of the sweat gland. The course of the sodium and the chloride curve and the values of osmolarity EMRICH, STOLL, FRIOLET, COLOMBO, RIGHTERIGH, ROSSI 465 in sweat favor the assumption that in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, the precursor fluid is in the isotonic range; net sodium reabsorption can then be calculated and appears to be defective in patients w...

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“…It is unlikely that the secretory fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma since 1) there is no morphological similarity to the renal glomerulus (4), 2) sweat can be produced even if the arterial supply is occluded (19), 3) glucose does not appear in sweat at high levels of glucosemia (20), and 4) creatinine and inulin are always found in concentrations less than those existing in plasma (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Secretion and Reabsorption in the Human Eccrine Sweat Gland*

Cage¹,

Dobson²

1965

J. Clin. Invest.

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Eccrine sweat in humans is normally a hypotonic solution, the solutes of which consist mainly of sodium, chloride, potassium, lactate, and urea (1). The sodium and chloride concentrations increase with increasing sweat rate (2), and at moderate to high sweat rates, the sodium concentration is an adequate measure of tonicity (3).It is generally presumed that sweat is elaborated by the secretory coil of the gland and altered during its passage down the duct (4). However, analysis of the physiology of the duct depends upon relatively precise knowledge of the nature of the fluid elaborated at the secretory coil (secretory fluid). Previous studies give values for the sodium concentration of the secretory fluid that are distinctly hypotonic (2, 5) or suggest that it is isotonic (6). Our studies in which we analyzed the relationship of rate of sodium excretion to sweat rate from the forehead give approximately isotonic values for the sodium concentration of the secretory fluid. MethodsSix healthy men, ages 21 to 29, were used as subjects. For 1 week before the experiment, the only exercise allowed was that necessary for the usual duties of a dermatology resident or laboratory assistant. The The skin of the forehead was gently cleansed with soap and water, rinsed with ion-free distilled water, and air dried. Aluminum chambers with internal diameter of 3.8 cm as described by Schwartz and Thaysen (2) were secured to the skin with Weldwood contact cement. Two Whatman 540 filter papers, 3.7 cm in diameter, were removed from weighed plastic bottles and introduced into the chamber and sealed at time zero. The filter papers were collected and replaced in their weighing bottles, and fresh preweighed filter papers were inserted every 3 to 10 minutes depending upon an estimate of the volume of sweat being produced. The time required for changing the filter papers was usually less than 5 seconds. Eight to twelve collections were obtained from each subject.The subjects, wearing swimming trunks, entered a room with temperatures ranging from about 950 to 1100 F and humidity around 40%. By altering the temperature and humidity in conjunction with mild, moderate, and vigorous exercise in the form of calisthenics, varying sweat rates were produced. At some time during the experiments the subjects were encouraged to maximal tolerated exercise. Sweat rates were increased and decreased so as to preclude sweat rate being a function of time. The subjects were weighed before and after the experiment, but were allowed water ad libitum during the experiment. The maximal duration of the experiment was 75 minutes for one subject and 60 minutes for the other five.Sweat volumes were determined by weight differences of the filter papers. The filter papers were then eluted with ion-free distilled water and the sodium concentrations determined on appropriate dilutions with a Perkin Elmer atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Suitable blanks were used for each subject. Recovery experiments in which 0.1 ml of a 100 mEq per L sodium chloride solution wa...

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Chemistry of Palmar Sweat

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Phosphomonoesterases in Eccrine Sweat and Their Localization after Prolonged Sweating

Phosphomonoesterases in Eccrine Sweat and Their Localization after Prolonged Sweating

Sweat Composition in Relation to Rate of Sweating in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas

Sodium Secretion and Reabsorption in the Human Eccrine Sweat Gland*

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