“…They convert this energy form into heat at a specific frequency and aid reaction kinetics. [43] To exploit the ability of such compounds, microwaves are widely utilized by organic and medicinal chemists to ease the process of drug synthesis. Several authors have reported and published synthetic strategies to incorporate this methodology in synthesizing crucial and privileged pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Pyrazolopyrimidine Using Microwave Irradiation (Mwi)mentioning
Pyrazolopyrimidine with all its isoforms occupy a noteworthy position in medicinal chemistry owing to their proven dominance in the modulation of a vast array of biological receptors, thereby mitigating numerous pathological conditions. The development of sustainable protocols, which integrate the principles of green chemistry in the synthesis process although challenging, offers the most appropriate way to conduct the sustainable synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines. Due to the effectiveness of this nucleus and striking similarity to purines, they have been accessed using green as well as non-green protocols. Analytical techniques like 2D NMR has been employed for the confirmation of pyrazolopyrimidines and their isomers besides the conventional single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). Here, considering the rising awareness of sustainable protocols, we aimed at exploring this decade for green protocols for the synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines and furnished products in excellent yields in this review. Protocols covered in this review include synthesis using green solvent, solvent-free conditions, green catalyst, and catalyst-free reactions. Also, synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines assisted by microwave and ultrasound, as well as ionic liquid mediated synthesis are covered. It is estimated that this review shall throw some light upon the environmentally benign protocols to produce pyrazolopyrimidines which is itself a very important nucleus in the field of medicinal chemistry.
“…They convert this energy form into heat at a specific frequency and aid reaction kinetics. [43] To exploit the ability of such compounds, microwaves are widely utilized by organic and medicinal chemists to ease the process of drug synthesis. Several authors have reported and published synthetic strategies to incorporate this methodology in synthesizing crucial and privileged pyrazolopyrimidine scaffolds.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Pyrazolopyrimidine Using Microwave Irradiation (Mwi)mentioning
Pyrazolopyrimidine with all its isoforms occupy a noteworthy position in medicinal chemistry owing to their proven dominance in the modulation of a vast array of biological receptors, thereby mitigating numerous pathological conditions. The development of sustainable protocols, which integrate the principles of green chemistry in the synthesis process although challenging, offers the most appropriate way to conduct the sustainable synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines. Due to the effectiveness of this nucleus and striking similarity to purines, they have been accessed using green as well as non-green protocols. Analytical techniques like 2D NMR has been employed for the confirmation of pyrazolopyrimidines and their isomers besides the conventional single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). Here, considering the rising awareness of sustainable protocols, we aimed at exploring this decade for green protocols for the synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines and furnished products in excellent yields in this review. Protocols covered in this review include synthesis using green solvent, solvent-free conditions, green catalyst, and catalyst-free reactions. Also, synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines assisted by microwave and ultrasound, as well as ionic liquid mediated synthesis are covered. It is estimated that this review shall throw some light upon the environmentally benign protocols to produce pyrazolopyrimidines which is itself a very important nucleus in the field of medicinal chemistry.
“…18 There are some methods for the synthesis of hydroxyphosphonates under solvent-free conditions. [19][20][21][22] In this study, we describe the solvent-free synthesis of tertiary α-hydroxy cyclic phosphonates by the hydrophosphonylation of ketones (Scheme 1).…”
A new environmentally benign, convenient, and easy method for the synthesis of tertiary α-hydroxy cyclic phosphonates was developed. In the presence of potassium carbonate, aromatic/heteroaromatic ketones and base-sensitive ketones can react with phosphite to form tertiary α-hydroxyphosphonates under solvent-free and mild conditions.
“…Generally, heterocycles have been used as scaffolds for drug development due to their therapeutic and pharmacological properties. Among heterocycles, pyridine and cyanopyridine derivatives, have been shown to possess promising antimicrobial, antihypertensive, protein kinase inhibitors and anti‐inflammatory activities. On the other hand, 1,2,3‐triazoles exhibit a wide range of bioactivities such as antibacterial, antitumour, anticancer, antiviral and anticonvulsant .…”
A green and efficient synthesis of bioactive 1,2,3‐triazolyl‐pyridine/cyanopyridine hybrids has been achieved from easily accessible starting materials via one‐pot sequential multicomponent reaction under grinding strategy at room temperature in good to excellent yields. All the synthesized hybrids were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against three human bacterial pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. The 1,2,3‐triazolyl cyanopyridine hybrids with 4‐chlorophenyl (5 c) and 2‐methylphenyl (5 e) substituents and the thiophenyl substituted 1,2,3‐triazolyl pyridine hybrid (5 s) showed remarkable activity better than tetracycline (standard drug). Also the selected compounds were screened for their antioxidant activity in the assay by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.
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