Chemically modified carbon paste ion-selective electrodes for determination of atorvastatin calcium in pharmaceutical preparations

Perović

Gričar

et al. 2022

Sensors

Potentiometry with membrane selective electrodes is preferable for measuring the various constituents of pharmaceuticals. In this work, carbon paste electrodes (CPE) were prepared, modified, and tested for the determination of maprotiline hydrochloride, which acts as an antidepressant. The proposed CPE was based on an ionic association complex of maprotiline-tetraphenylborate, 2-nitrophenyloctyl as a binder, and sodium tetraphenylborate as an ionic lipophilic additive. The optimized composition improved potentiometric properties up to theoretical Nernst response values of −59.5 ± 0.8 mV dec−1, in the concentration range of maprotiline from 1.6 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1, and a detection limit of 1.1 × 10−7 mol L−1. The CPE provides excellent reversibility and reproducibility, exhibits a fast response time, and is applicable over a wide pH range. No significant effect was observed in several interfering species tested. The proposed electrode was used for the precise determination of maprotiline in pure solutions, urine samples, and a real sample—the drug Ludiomil.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiometric Determination of Maprotiline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical and Biological Matrices Using a Novel Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

Perović

Gričar

et al. 2022

Sensors

“…In general, and from reported articles, it is evident that both the selected organic compound [ 38 , 39 , 58 , 59 ], usually used as a precipitating agent for IAC, and binder [ 30 , 37 , 39 , 40 ] strongly influence the response of CPE and its characteristics. Various studies and citations can be found in the literature with binder proportions, but all of them in a range between 15 and 55 wt% [ 27 , 30 , 36 , 58 , 60 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, ion-selective electrodes have found applications in clinical, industrial, and environmental analysis [ 31 ]. One of the most common procedures for the development of ISE (for the determination of drugs, whether the active ingredient is a component of pharmaceutical preparations or biological fluids) is the incorporation of a lipophilic ion-pair-associated complex into a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based membrane [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] or the preparation of carbon paste electrodes (CPE) [ 5 , 24 , 30 , 31 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Potentiometric Determination of Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical and Biological Matrices

Buljac

Genorio

et al. 2021

Sensors

A novel promising carbon paste electrode with excellent potentiometric properties was prepared for the analysis of trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (THP), the acetylcholine receptor and an anticholinergic drug in real samples. It contains 10.2% trihexyphenidy-tetraphenylborate ionic pair as the electroactive material, with the addition of 3.9% reduced graphene oxide and 0.3% of anionic additive into the paste, which consists of 45.0% dibutylphthalate as the solvent mediator and 40.6% graphite. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the electrode showed a Nernstian slope of 58.9 ± 0.2 mV/decade with a regression coefficient of 0.9992. It exhibited high selectivity and reproducibility as well as a fast and linear dynamic response range from 4.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−2 M. The electrode remained usable for up to 19 days. Analytical applications showed excellent recoveries ranging from 96.8 to 101.7%, LOD was 2.5 × 10−7 M. The electrode was successfully used for THP analysis of pharmaceutical and biological samples.

“…To je dijelom moguće spriječiti kratkoročnim skladištenjem na hladnom i mračnom mjestu. 2 Najčešće ispitivana veziva u posljednjih desetak godina u razvoju CPE jesu: dibutilftalat (DBP), 4,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] bis(2-etilheksil)ftalat (DOP), 6,9,21,22,[10][11][12][13][14]16,18,20 parafinsko ulje (PO), 4,5,15,[23][24][25][26] tris(2-etilheksil)fosfat (TEPh), [16][17][18] 2-nitrofenil-oktil-eter (NPOE) 4,6,9,12,14,15,27 te bis(2-etilheksil)adipat (DEHA) 10,12,13,15,16 šća p...…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

“…ion-associated complex), ionski aditivi, nanomaterijali i dr. Izbor reagensa za taloženje elektroaktivne tvari, tj. IAC-a 6,8,9,11,12,14,[16][17][18][19]20,45 i maseni udio IAC-a u pasti najviše utječu na odzivne karakteristike CPE. Testiranja utjecaja IAC-a provođena su u rasponu od 0 do 5 %, 4,6,9,[16][17][18] od 0 do 10 %, 11,12,15,20 O vrsti i dodanoj količini soli (ionskih aditiva), kao često upotrebljavanim modifikatorima CPE, također znatno ovisi osjetljivost senzora.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Renesansa elektroda s ugljikovom pastom; njihove modifikacije i primjene u potenciometrijskim određivanjima farmaceutika

Bralić²,

Kolar³

2023

Kemija U Industriji

The development of carbon paste electrodes in the 1970s generated considerable interest in the scientific community, because they offered several advantages over conventional membrane electrodes. At the beginning of the new millennium, the use of carbon nanomaterials as a new trend in their development gave additional impetus. After CPEs were successfully developed for potentiometric determination of more than 70 chemical elements, these electrodes gained additional interest for pharmaceutical and medical applications. This paper reviews the scientific literature of the last decade related to the development of CPEs for the quantitative determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their application in real samples.