Potentiometric Determination of Maprotiline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical and Biological Matrices Using a Novel Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

Abstract

Potentiometry with membrane selective electrodes is preferable for measuring the various constituents of pharmaceuticals. In this work, carbon paste electrodes (CPE) were prepared, modified, and tested for the determination of maprotiline hydrochloride, which acts as an antidepressant. The proposed CPE was based on an ionic association complex of maprotiline-tetraphenylborate, 2-nitrophenyloctyl as a binder, and sodium tetraphenylborate as an ionic lipophilic additive. The optimized composition improved potentiometric properties up to theoretical Nernst response values of −59.5 ± 0.8 mV dec−1, in the concentration range of maprotiline from 1.6 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1, and a detection limit of 1.1 × 10−7 mol L−1. The CPE provides excellent reversibility and reproducibility, exhibits a fast response time, and is applicable over a wide pH range. No significant effect was observed in several interfering species tested. The proposed electrode was used for the precise determination of maprotiline in pure solutions, urine samples, and a real sample—the drug Ludiomil.

Quantitative Determination of Fluoride Mass Concentration in Beers Produced in Croatia Using the Standard Addition Method in Potentiometry

“…Considering the very small relative standard deviations of fluoride content between six identical measurements for each sample with the generally low fluoride content (4.2% on average), the results of this work are an additional confirmation of the accuracy of the proposed new model of the standard addition method in potentiometry that has been recently published and applied [2,17,18]. The statements of various groups of authors that the potentiometric determination of fluoride in TISAB solution is recommendable [2,19,[23][24][25] were also confirmed with regard to the aforementioned fact that there were negligible standard deviations of the results of fluoride content in the same samples.…”

“…The mass concentration of fluoride in the studied beers was determined according to the recently proposed and applied standard addition method in potentiometry [2,17,18]. The expression c s ×V s V A was placed on the abscissa axis, while the expression V A +V s 10 E S was placed on the ordinate axis (where c s and V s are the concentration and the sum of increments in the sodium fluoride standard solution; V A is the initial volume of the aliquot under study, E is the difference in the recorded potentials after each increment in the standard solution, and S is the slope of the calibration curve).…”

“…Fluoride concentrations in each sample were measured using a fluoride ion selective electrode (FISE) according to a recently published standard potentiometric addition method [2,17,18]. The results obtained were compared with each other and with the fluoride content of some worldwide beer producers.…”

Application of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in the Field of Potentiometric Sensors: A Review

“…In 1958, Adams was the first to incorporate carbon paste electrodes for analytical purposes [50]. The filling material is a paste of components mixed with paraffin oil, which is placed in the cavity of the electrode [51][52][53][54][55]. The leveled surface of the paste acts as a modified electrode substrate.…”

Potentiometric Determination of Free Fluoride Content in Wines from Dalmatia Region (Croatia)—A Comparative Study of Direct Potentiometry and Standard Addition Method

“…In the standard addition method, small volumes of the 0.001 mol/L standard solution of sodium fluoride were added successively to each of the prepared aliquots and the potential was recorded. The obtained experimental values were recalculated according to a recently published works [31,32], where the expressions c s ×V s V A and V A +V s 10 E S are denoted as the x-axis and y-axis of the equation of a straight line, respectively. The concentration and the sum of increments of the sodium fluoride standard solution were c s and V s , while the initial volume of the tested aliquot, the difference of recorded potentials after each increment of the standard solution, and the slope of the calibration curve were denoted by V A , E, and S, respectively.…”