Chemical safety of meat and meat products

Andrée, Sabine; Jira, Wolfgang; Schwind, Karl-Heinz; Wagner, Hubertus; Schwägele, Fredi

doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.020

Cited by 130 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Moreover, a stable complex between heme-bound iron and nitrites is formed, which inhibits a release of iron ions. Consequently, free iron ions (Fe 2+) are not available for the initiation of lipid peroxidation (Andrée et al, 2010). Furthermore, nitrites are also able to react with free iron ions and form a complex.…”

Section: Quality Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also primary amines can be nitrosated, but these products are not stable. Nitrosation of tertiary amines is not possible (Andrée et al, 2010) Recent studies indicated a beneficial effect to health of the nitrates and nitrites in foods, when consumed at certain low doses. According to these works, the nitrites are associated with lower blood pressure and better cardiovascular function as well as play an important role in vasoregulation (Lundberg et al 2006(Lundberg et al , 2011Lundberg and Weitzberg, 2009).…”

Section: Concerns Associated With Nitrates and Nitrites In Meat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrates and Nitrites in meat products

Govari

Pexara

2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Nitrates and nitrites have been traditionally used as curing agents in the production of cured meat products.Beneficial effects of the addition of nitrates and nitrites to meat products are the improvement of quality characteristics as well as the microbiological safety. The nitrates and nitrites are mainly responsible for the development of the distinct flavor, the stability of the red color, as well as the protection against lipid oxidation in cured meat products. The nitrites show important bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activity against several spoilage bacteria as well as foodborne pathogens found in meat products. The nitrites prevent the growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum. According to Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1129/2011, nitrates (sodium nitrate, E251; potassium nitrate, E252) and nitrites (potassium nitrite, E249; sodium nitrite, E250) are listed as permitted food additives. Nitrates are relatively non-toxic, but nitrites, and nitrites metabolic compounds such as nitric oxide and N-nitroso compounds, have raised concern over potential adverse health effects. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that ingested nitrates or nitrites are probable carcinogen to humans under conditions favoring the endogenous nitrosation. Legal limits for the addition of nitrates and nitrites have been set by several countries and EU [Commission Regulation (EU) No. 601/2014]. Several data from recent reviews conducted in several countries on the levels of nitrates and nitrites in cured meat products were summarized. In recent reviews, the residual levels of nitrites in cured meat samples have been constantly reduced and are in accordance with the legal limits set by most countries.

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Section: Quality Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concerns Associated With Nitrates and Nitrites In Meat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrates and Nitrites in meat products

Govari

Pexara

2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…1,2 Estes compostos compreendem uma variedade de classes químicas com ações terapêuticas diversas, incluindo antibiótica/antimicrobiana, antiparasitária, inseticida, fungicida e sedativa. 3 Os antimicrobianos (b-lactâmicos, aminoglicosídeos e tetraciclinas) e os antiparasitários (avermectinas, piretróides e organofosforados) são os produtos mais comercializados no Paraná para tratamento do rebanho leiteiro. 4 O uso de medicamentos veterinários em animais produtores de alimentos pode deixar resíduos nos alimentos, como carne, leite e ovos, cujos níveis não devem ultrapassar o Limite Máximo de Resíduos (LMR).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Resíduos de medicamentos veterinários em leite e ovos

Pacheco-Silva¹,

Souza²,

Caldas³

2014

Quím. Nova

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VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES IN MILK AND EGGS. The use of veterinary drugs in food producing animals may result in the presence of residues in foods, including milk and eggs. Immunoassay or microbiological tests are used to screen for residues, but chromatographic methods are needed to confirm positive results. In most methods, the sample is extracted with acetonitrile, submitted to clean up or directly analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Results of the Brazilian governmental monitoring programs from 2006 to 2011 have shown that the antiparasitic ivermectin was the drug most frequently found in milk. Residues in eggs are only monitored by one of the programs, and few studies have reported the incidence of veterinary drugs in this matrix in Brazil.Keywords: veterinary drugs; milk; eggs. INTRODUÇÃOMedicamentos são usados na medicina veterinária no tratamento e prevenção de doenças ou como promotores de crescimento. 1,2 Estes compostos compreendem uma variedade de classes químicas com ações terapêuticas diversas, incluindo antibiótica/antimicrobiana, antiparasitária, inseticida, fungicida e sedativa. 3 Os antimicrobianos (b-lactâmicos, aminoglicosídeos e tetraciclinas) e os antiparasitários (avermectinas, piretróides e organofosforados) são os produtos mais comercializados no Paraná para tratamento do rebanho leiteiro. 4 O uso de medicamentos veterinários em animais produtores de alimentos pode deixar resíduos nos alimentos, como carne, leite e ovos, cujos níveis não devem ultrapassar o Limite Máximo de Resíduos (LMR). O LMR é a concentração máxima de resíduo em um alimento de origem animal resultante do uso de um medicamento veterinário (expresso em mg/kg ou µg/kg, em peso fresco) que é recomendado para ser legalmente permitido ou reconhecido como sendo aceitável no alimento. 5 Estes limites são estabelecidos para garantir o uso adequado destes produtos, limitar a exposição e proteger a saúde dos consumidores dos alimentos provenientes de animais tratados. 5 A presença de resíduos em um alimento acima do LMR estabelecido indica que o produto não foi utilizado segundo as boas práticas de uso de medicamentos veterinários (BPMV), ou o uso de um produto não autorizado. 6 O Brasil não estabelece LMR para medicamentos veterinários, adotando aqueles recomendados pelo Mercosul, Codex Alimentarius, União Européia ou Estados Unidos. 7 A exposição humana a resíduos de medicamentos veterinários presentes nos alimentos pode causar efeitos adversos, incluindo reações alérgicas em indivíduos hipersensíveis 8 e câncer. 9,10 Adicionalmente, a exposição a antimicrobianos/antibióticos pode provocar o desenvolvimento de microrganismos resistentes, que dificulta a ação terapêutica destes medicamentos em indivíduos que consumiram alimentos de animais tratados. 11,12 Resíduos de medicamentos veterinários no leite podem também causar problemas tecnológicos nos processos de fermentação dos laticínios. 13,14 No Brasil, há dois programas nacionais que monitoram a presença de resíduos de medicamentos veterinários em produtos de origem animal. O Plano Nacional...

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“…These antimicrobial agents are authorised both for human medicine and veterinary usage (Table 1) and are applied therapeutically in animal husbandry. Their mechanism of action is blocking the activity of the peptidyltransferase at the 50S ribosome subunit of bacteria thereby preventing protein chain elongation (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, CAP has been proven to be a cytotoxic, genotoxic, and haematotoxic drug (2). Residues of CAP and its metabolites have been found in animal meat, including fish meat and meat products (1,2). Veterinary medicinal products and medicated feeds containing CAP were banned in treatment of food-producing animals by the FDA in 1984.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphenicols stability in medicated feed – development and validation of liquid chromatography method

Pietro¹,

Woźniak²,

Pasik³

et al. 2014

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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A liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method for the determination of florfenicol (FF) and thiamphenicol (TAP) in feeds is presented. The method comprises the extraction of analytes from the matrix with a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile, drying of the extract, and its dissolution in phosphate buffer. The analysis was performed with a gradient programme of the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and buffer (pH = 7.3) on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) analytical column with UV (λ = 220 nm) detection. The analytical procedure has been successfully adopted and validated for quantitative determination of florfenicol and thiamphenicol in feed samples. Sensitivity, specificity, linearity, repeatability, and intralaboratory reproducibility were included in the validation. The mean recovery of amphenicols was 93.5% within the working range of 50-4000 mg/kg. Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, which is banned in the feed, was also included within the same procedure of FF and TAP stability studies. Storing the medicated feed at room temperature for up to one month decreased concentration in the investigated drugs even by 45%. These findings are relevant to successful provision of therapy to animals.

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Chemical safety of meat and meat products

Cited by 130 publications

References 49 publications

Nitrates and Nitrites in meat products

Nitrates and Nitrites in meat products

Resíduos de medicamentos veterinários em leite e ovos

Amphenicols stability in medicated feed – development and validation of liquid chromatography method

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