Chemical reactions at polymer surfaces interacting with a gas plasma or with metal atoms — their relevance to adhesion

Significance of Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange at Polyolefin Surfaces on Exposure to Ammonia Low-Pressure Plasma

“…1 as also obtained for NH 3 plasma exposure of PP in the past [26]. Its characteristic time-dependence is similar to that of oxygen incorporation by exposure to the O 2 plasma [51,52]. The time-dependences of N-and O-introduction onto polypropylene surfaces show generally the same behaviour for NH 3 , N 2 and NH 3 ?…”

Effects of ion beam treatment on atomic and macroscopic adhesion of copper to different polymer materials

“…On the other hand, it should not be forgotten that in addition to cross-links formation, polymer degradation also takes place creating low molecular weight species. After prolonged surface modification, low molecular weight (LMW) species are formed, as determined by size exclusion chromatography after PS exposure to an RF discharge plasma [23]. As shown by Friedrich et al [23], PS underwent degradation by depolymerization in addition to cross-linking reactions resulting in chains containing less monomers compared to the pristine chain.…”

“…After prolonged surface modification, low molecular weight (LMW) species are formed, as determined by size exclusion chromatography after PS exposure to an RF discharge plasma [23]. As shown by Friedrich et al [23], PS underwent degradation by depolymerization in addition to cross-linking reactions resulting in chains containing less monomers compared to the pristine chain. Low mass species formed on the surface are desorbed from the surface, while those created deeper within the polymer have a very low probability to escape.…”

Surface characterisation of plasma-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate)

“…As the plasma treatments were carried out for relatively long periods of time, we considered interesting to check the effect of shorter periods of treatments as it has been reported that few seconds of plasma treatments are enough to modify the surface of the polymers [9,10,26,70]. For this reason several samples with different periods of treatment ranging from 5 s up to 2 min were obtained.…”