Chemical modification of diamond surfaces using a chlorinated surface as an intermediate state

Ando, Toshihiro; Nishitani‐Gamo, Mikka; Rawles, Robin E.; Yamamoto, Kazuo; Kamo, Mutsukazu; Sato, Yoichiro

doi:10.1016/0925-9635(96)00529-8

Cited by 97 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Chlorinated diamond is obtained by thermal reaction of H-terminated diamond with molecular chlorine (Cl 2 ) [45]. This is used as an intermediate to obtain hydroxyl groups (-OH termination) by treatment with water vapor at RT, amino groups by treatment with NH 3 at 425 °C, and -CF groups by treatment with CHF 3 at 600 °C.…”

Section: Reaction Of Halogens To Diamond Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond‐based DNA sensors: surface functionalization and read‐out strategies

Wenmackers

Vermeeren

vandeVen

et al. 2009

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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This article reviews the current state‐of‐the art of diamond‐based DNA sensors. Some general concepts involved in biosensors are introduced and applied to DNA sensors. The properties of chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond relevant for this application are summed up, with special attention for the stability and bio‐compatibility of the material. Several routes to functionalize the diamond surface are considered. The physical properties of the obtained DNA layers are discussed in terms of surface density and molecular conformation. Possible read‐out strategies are evaluated, including optical and electronic sensing. With diamond‐based DNA sensors, real‐time and label‐free sensing is achieved. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Section: Reaction Of Halogens To Diamond Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond‐based DNA sensors: surface functionalization and read‐out strategies

Wenmackers

Vermeeren

vandeVen

et al. 2009

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…Acid treatments: Hydrogen plasma treatment (Thoms et al 1994;Strother et al 2002;Knickerbocker et al 2003) -Nitric and sulphuric acid (Kong et al 2005a;Huang and Chang 2004;Liu et al 2008;Chao et al 2007;Ushizawa et al 2002) Annealing in hydrogen gas (Härtl et al 2004;Christiaens et al 2006;Saini et al 2008) -Nitric acid Huang et al 2008;Sushchev et al 2008;Mitev et al 2007) Water vapour treatment (Ando et al 1996a) -Hydrochloric acid (Kossovsky et al 1995;Mitev et al 2007) Borane (BH3) (Krüger et al 2006;Neugart et al 2007;Liang et al 2009;Zhang et al 2009b) -Perchloric acid (Xu et al 2005) -Potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid (Mitev et al 2007) -Sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate (Xu et al 2005) Annealing in:…”

Section: Oxidation/carboxylation Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-apoobelin ) -aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) ) -DNA (Fu et al 2007) -luciferase Puzyr' et al 2004) -Alpha-bungarotoxin (Liu et al 2008 (Miller and Brown 1996;Knickerbocker et al 2003;Lu et al 2004;Strother et al 2002;Yang et al 2002;Takahashi et al 2003;Yeap et al 2008;Zhang et al 2009b;Zheng et al 2009;Chang et al 2010) (Strother et al 2002;Takahashi et al 2003;Ida et al 2003;Tsubota et al 2003;Härtl et al 2004;Christiaens et al 2006;Chang et al 2010) (Liu et al 2004;Ando et al 1996b;Khabashesku et al 2005;Ando et al 1996a;Ando et al 1993) (Ando et al 1996a;Ikeda et al 1998;Takahashi et al 2003;Miller and Brown 1996) Silanes Aryl Alkyl Amino (Zhang et al 2009b;Liang et al 2009;Krüger et al 2006;Yeap et al 2008 Zheng et al 2009) choice of biological buffer systems or media is also important, since both foetal bovine serum and phosphate buffered saline, two common biological buffer systems, tend to cause re-aggregation (Neugart et al 2007;Vaijayanthimala et al 2009). Despite the challenges involved in preparing and maintaining de-aggregated nanodiamonds, positive results strongly support their use in biological applications.…”

Section: Oxidation/carboxylation Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent nanodiamonds for biomedical applications

et al. 2011

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In recent years, nanodiamonds have emerged from primarily an industrial and mechanical applications base, to potentially underpinning sophisticated new technologies in biomedical and quantum science. Nanodiamonds are relatively inexpensive, biocompatible, easy to surface functionalise and optically stable. This combination of physical properties are ideally suited to biological applications, including intracellular labelling and tracking, extracellular drug delivery and adsorptive detection of bioactive molecules. Here we describe some of the methods and challenges for processing nanodiamond materials, detection schemes and some of the leading applications currently under investigation.

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“…For a high surface loading, it is essential to achieve surface uniformity. Reactions with hydrogen, 59,60 chlorine, 61 and fluorine 62 have been explored to attain surface homogeneity and reactivity enhancement. The surfaces of chlorinated NDs were further modified with hydroxyl, amine, and carbon fluoride groups.…”

Section: Surface Modification Of Ndsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5 summarizes approaches used in the past to introduce various functionalities on the surface of NDs. 48,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] One of the earliest modifications of the ND surface involved the generation of surface radicals, which then acted as substrates for synthesizing carboxylic acid- 59 and dicarboxylic acid- 60 functionalized NDs. For a high surface loading, it is essential to achieve surface uniformity.…”

Section: Surface Modification Of Ndsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanodiamonds as novel nanomaterials for biomedical applications: drug delivery and imaging systems

Kaur¹,

Badea²

2013

IJN

103

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Detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) are emerging as delivery vehicles for small chemical drugs and macromolecular biotechnology products due to their primary particle size of 4 to 5 nm, stable inert core, reactive surface, and ability to form hydrogels. Nanoprobe technology capitalizes on the intrinsic fluorescence, high refractive index, and unique Raman signal of the NDs, rendering them attractive for in vitro and in vivo imaging applications. This review provides a brief introduction of the various types of NDs and describes the development of procedures that have led to stable single-digit-sized ND dispersions, a crucial feature for drug delivery systems and nanoprobes. Various approaches used for functionalizing the surface of NDs are highlighted, along with a discussion of their biocompatibility status. The utilization of NDs to provide sustained release and improve the dispersion of hydrophobic molecules, of which chemotherapeutic drugs are the most investigated, is described. The prospects of improving the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids by using NDs as a platform are exemplified. The photoluminescent and optical scattering properties of NDs, together with their applications in cellular labeling, are also reviewed. Considering the progress that has been made in understanding the properties of NDs, they can be envisioned as highly efficient drug delivery and imaging biomaterials for use in animals and humans.

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Chemical modification of diamond surfaces using a chlorinated surface as an intermediate state

Cited by 97 publications

References 12 publications

Diamond‐based DNA sensors: surface functionalization and read‐out strategies

Diamond‐based DNA sensors: surface functionalization and read‐out strategies

Luminescent nanodiamonds for biomedical applications

Nanodiamonds as novel nanomaterials for biomedical applications: drug delivery and imaging systems

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