Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of nonvolatile organic compounds

Carroll, D. I.; Džidić, I.; Horning, M. G.; Montgomery, F. E.; Nowlin, J.; Stillwell, Richard; Thénot, Jean-Paul; Horning, E. C.

doi:10.1021/ac50047a059

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, SCIEX triple quadrupoles were introduced in the 1980s to address this very problem, e.g., the Mississauga disaster was monitored in this way [17], although these successful systems were transportable, not portable [18,19]. Several versions of portable mass spectrometers have been used for in situ gasphase chemical analysis [20,21] based on selective membrane sampling [22][23][24][25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer

Huang

Gao

Duncan

et al. 2010

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The capabilities of a portable mass spectrometer for real-time monitoring of trace levels of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene in air are illustrated. An atmospheric pressure interface was built to implement atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for direct analysis of gas-phase samples on a previously described miniature mass spectrometer (Gao et al. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 5994 -6002). Linear dynamic ranges, limits of detection and other analytical figures of merit were evaluated: for benzene, a limit of detection of 0.2 parts-per-billion was achieved for air samples without any sample preconcentration. The corresponding limits of detection for toluene and ethylbenzene were 0.5 parts-per-billion and 0.7 parts-per-billion, respectively. These detection limits are well below the compounds' permissible exposure levels, even in the presence of added complex mixtures of organics at levels exceeding the parts-per-million level. The linear dynamic ranges of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene are limited to approximately two orders of magnitude by saturation of the detection electronics. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 132-135)

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confidence: 99%

Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer

Huang

Gao

Duncan

et al. 2010

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Organic solvents play an important role in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) since they are the main component of the LC mobile phase and the ‘matrix’ in which the targeted analytes are dissolved. LC/MS techniques are based on atmospheric pressure ionization (API) processes, such as chemical ionization1 (APCI) and photoionization2 (APPI). Whereas the most common LC organic solvents are not ionized in APPI experiments due to their high ionization energies (10.8 eV for methanol and 12.6 eV for acetonitrile), in APCI sources solvent molecules are easily ionized together with additives or impurities therein.…”

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confidence: 99%

The intriguing case of organic impurities contained in synthetic methanol: a mass spectrometry based investigation

Guella¹,

Ascenzi²,

Franceschi³

et al. 2007

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The role of organic impurities in the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) industrial process catalyzed by zeolites is the subject of ongoing debate. We have found that methanol (HPLC and RPE grade) purchased from different chemical companies may contain organic impurities, whose ionization is the dominant process in the positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) spectrum of commercial CH(3)OH. Such impurities produce ions with elemental formulae C(n)H(2n+1)O(+) (n = 4, 5, 6); likewise, ionization of tetradeuterated methanol (CD(3)OD) leads to the corresponding fully deuterated series C(n)D(2n+1)O(+) (n = 4, 5, 6), an outcome which represents a clear evidence of their widespread diffusion. We suggest that their formation might be inherent to the chemical process whereby methanol is synthesized on an industrial scale. Mass spectrometry (MS) experiments, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements allowed us to establish that commercial methanol contains dimethyl acetals of simple alkyl ketones, such as propanone, butanone and pentanone. Ab initio calculations (DFT/B3LYP) proved useful to understanding the ionization mechanisms of such impurities.

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“…The FD ion source technique provides a valuable approach to the solution of the problem of obtaining mass spectra from thermally unstable involatile molecules. Recent work in chemical ionization ion sources with direct insertion sample probes and with FD emitters has shown that volatility enhancement of complex molecular systems can be achieved by interaction of the chemical ionization plasma and the sample on the probe or emitter surface (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). This volatility enhancement has been attributed to heterogeneous ion molecule reactions which give rise to species on the probe surface with lower activation energies of sublimation or desorption.…”

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Analysis of Styrene Polymers by Mass Spectrometry with Filament-Heated Evaporation

Udseth¹

1981

Anal. Chem.

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A mass spectrometrlc study of moderate-sized polystyrene (nominal mol wt 2100) Is reported. The polystyrene was evaporated from a probe filament heated at 1000 °C/s under both electron-impact (El) and chemical-lonlzatlon (Cl) conditions. Under El conditions extensive fragmentation and depolymerization were observed but rimers out to = 11 were detected. Under Cl conditions, rimers up to = 27 were detected, and spectra that approximately reproduced the oligomer distribution were obtained. Temperature measurements and activation energies of evaporation rates for many of the Ionic species were also measured.

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Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of nonvolatile organic compounds

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer

Direct detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at trace levels in ambient air by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using a handheld mass spectrometer

The intriguing case of organic impurities contained in synthetic methanol: a mass spectrometry based investigation

Analysis of Styrene Polymers by Mass Spectrometry with Filament-Heated Evaporation

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