Chemical composition of Pasadena aerosol by particle size and time of day. III. Chemical states of nitrogen and sulfur by photoelectron spectroscopy

Formation of pollution particulate nitrogen compounds by NO-soot and NH3-soot gas-particle surface reactions

“…Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) Novakov et al (1972) have observed, in addition to commonly occuring nitrate and ammonium, t1vo unsuspected reduced nitrogen species in pollution aerosol particles. ESCA spectra indicate that thes.e species posses a nitrogen net charge which is more negative than the corresponding nitrogen charge in the ammonium ion.…”

Organic films on atmospheric aerosol particles, fog droplets, cloud droplets, raindrops, and snowflakes

“…Novakov et al [1972] first detected the amino group in urban aerosols, using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) techniques. The data accumulated over the years indicate that as much as 50% of the total nitrogen in urban aerosols is present as amines[Gundel et al, 1981Atlantic (Meteor expedition 1973; during part II of this expedition, advection of Sahara dust occurred).…”

Sulfate and Nitrate Particulates as Related to SO2and NOXGases and Emissions

“…The percentage departures from the 5 year means for nitrates by station are given in The study by Novakov et al 5 of Pasadena aerosol is of particular value in determining the chemical stages of nitrogen by the more comprehensive technique of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition to nitrate and ammonium, this technique determined two other important nitrogen compounds: amino-N and pyridino-N.…”

“…The importance of nitrate aerosols has been pointed out by Robinson and Robbins. 4 Moreover, the role of nitrogen oxides in photochemical smog gives the nitrogen compounds special interest for California, as in the study of Pasadena aerosol by Novakov et al 5 …”