Sulfate and Nitrate Particulates as Related to SO<sub>2</sub>and NO<sub>X</sub>Gases and Emissions

Sandberg, James S.; Levaggi, D.A.; DeMandel, R.E.; Siu, W.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1976.10470283

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This may be ascribed to compulsory use of low sulpher diesel, sifting of polluting industries to outskirts of the city, implementation of EURO emission standards in automobiles and introduction of CNG fuel in 2002 replacing the diesel operated public transport buses. However, it is observed that the existing SO À2 4 levels are still considerably high (8.89-16.42 μgm −3 ) as compared to those in US cities: 1.9-3.6 μgm −3 (Sandberg et al 1976); 4.0-14.0 μgm −3 (Dockery et al 1993), UK (3.2-9.0 μgm −3 , Quarg 1996).…”

Section: Mass Size Distribution Of Ionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Visibility impairing aerosols in the urban atmosphere of Delhi

Singh

Khillare

Shridhar

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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To study the visual air quality of Delhi, size fractionated aerosols - coarse and fine fractions of PM10 - were collected and analysed for SO4(-2), NO(-3), NH4+ and EC at three sites with different background activities. The analysed species constitute a smaller portion of coarse fraction (39%) but a larger portion of fine fraction (69%). The sampling was performed from June 2003 to November 2003 which covers monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Aerosol data was used to describe the spatial variation of Visibility Range as a function of chemical composition of visibility impairing aerosols. During the study period, visibility was found to be poor varying between 4.7 and 13 km with an average value of 9.4 km. It is observed that visibility impairment was more due to carbonaceous aerosol followed by sulphate.

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Section: Mass Size Distribution Of Ionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Visibility impairing aerosols in the urban atmosphere of Delhi

Singh

Khillare

Shridhar

et al. 2007

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Of major interest is elucidating sulfate and nitrate formation mechanisms, since sulfates and nitrates not only often constitute a substantial fraction of the mass of atmospheric aerosols but also have been implicated in health-related aerosol effects. Reports of ambient sulfate and nitrate levels are numerous (Gordon and Bryan 1973, Charlson et al 1974, Sandberg et al 1976, Kadowaki 1976, Moskowitz 1977, Appel et al 1978. Initial research aimed at explaining sulfate and nitrate relationships has been presented (Ore1 and Seinfeld 1977), although theoretical explanation of observed data with respect to relative levels of sulfates and nitrates and their dependences on particle size distribution is lacking.…”

Section: Conclusion and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of sulfate and nitrate levels in a growing, reacting aerosol

Peterson

Seinfeld

1979

AIChE Journal

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The temporal variation of particle size and chemical composition of a marine aerosol exposed to SO2, NH3, NO, NO2, H2SO4 and H2O vapor is studied to determine the effect of these parameters on the sulfate and nitrate levels in the particle. Results show that, for gas phase SO2 oxidation to sulfate, and liquid phase nitrate formation, those parameters that enhance sulfate formation tend to inhibit nitrate formation, and vice versa. Further, for the situation considered, the ratio predicted for sulfate and nitrate ions to ammonium ions is very nearly that found if all these ions were present in the form of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4. This compares favorably with data on sulfate, nitrate and ammonium levels in the Los Angeles area. The model used is capable of representing a general growing, reacting aerosol; other cases studied by this approach are briefly outlined. Limitations of its use are discussed.

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“…The intercept found from Equation A indicates a residue level of about 5 µg/m3. Sanberg et al (5) confirmed a linear dependence on S02 for the San Francisco Bay area.…”

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confidence: 92%