Chemical composition of bird cherry fruits in the Northwestern region of Russia

Abstract

Background. Among stone fruit plants, a special place belongs to bird cherry (Padus Mill.). As a food plant, it has found use in areas with harsh climate conditions. Since the breeding of bird cherry cultivars for food purposes continues to develop, there is a need to know the chemical composition of its fruits. The aim of this research was to study bird cherry in the environments of the Russian Northwest and isolate genotypes with an optimal biochemical composition for subsequent use.Materials and methods. Fruit composition in 21 accessions from the bird cherry collection was analyzed in 2009 and 2011–2013 at the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). Biochemical studies were performed using the methods adopted at VIR. Statistical processing of the data obtained was made using the Microsoft Excel software package.Results. The best genotypes were selected for each chemical component: for increased soluble solid content (SSC), accessions of Group I ‘Nevesta’ (29.63%), 1-1-8 (30.35), ‘Carpaty 5’ (30.87), ‘Chaika’ (33.9); for accumulation of sugars, ‘Granatovaya grozd’ (Group III; 12.13%), 1-1-8 (Gr. I; 12.5), ‘Pamyati Salamatova’ (Gr. IV; 12.8); for low acid content, ‘Sibirskaya krasavitsa’ (Gr. II; 1.03%), 1-1-8 (Gr. I; 1.14) ‘Granatovaya grozd’ (Gr. III; 1.17), ‘Zelenoplodnaya’ (Gr. I; 1.21), ‘Pozdnyaya radost’ (Gr. III; 1.25); for high content of ascorbic acid, 1-1-8 (Gr. I; 19.1 mg/100 g), ‘Sakhalinskaya chernaya’ (Gr. I; 19.35) ‘Rannyaya kruglaya’ (Gr. IV; 20.65), ‘Krasny shater’ (Gr. II; 21.23); for triterpene (ursolic, oleanolic) acids, ‘Cherny blesk’ (Gr. IV; 0.045%) and ‘Atica’ (Gr. I; 0.056).Conclusion. Significant differences were found in SSC between accessions of Groups I (P. avium) and II (P. avium × P. virginiana); and in the sugar/acid ratio (SAR), between I (P. avium) and IV (seedlings of cv. ‘Pamyati Salamatova’); II (P. avium × P. virginiana) and III (P. virginiana × P. avium); III (P. virginiana × P. avium) and IV (seedlings of cv. ‘Pamyati Sala matova’).

Conservation of the Bird Cherry (Padus Mill.) Germplasm by Cold Storage and Cryopreservation of Winter Cuttings

“…The procedure is based on the oxidation of carbohydrates to reduce potassium ferricyanide, which, in turn, reacts with iron (III) sulfate producing blue staining. Staining intensity was determined by photocolorimetry using a spectrophotometer AAC (Spectr-1) [28,35]. The sugar content was calculated using optical density, according to the calibration curve.…”

“…Improved varieties of bird cherry with high nutritional and decorative values were developed in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden after crossbreeding with the chokecherry. At present, intensive research and breeding of the bird cherry aims to develop new cultivars with higher fruit quality; therefore, chemical composition of fruits including sugars and ascorbic acid content is of primary importance [28][29][30].…”

Optimization of Bird Cherry Oil Supercritical Fluid Extraction Process

“…БАВ [1]. Плоды черемухи содержат сахара (до 12%), антоцианы (до 8%), дубильные вещества (до 15%), флавоноиды, пектины (до 1.1%), яблочную и лимонную кислоты (до 1.5%), аскорбиновую кислоту (до 19 мг/100 г) [2,3] и применяются в ликероводочной промышленности для изготовления десертных напитков. Остающийся в качестве отхода жмых содержит в своем составе БАВ (витамины, дубильные вещества, антоцианы, флавоны и др., в том числе липиды) и вполне пригоден для последующей переработки.…”