Chemical Composition and Metabolomic Analysis of Amaranthus cruentus Grains Harvested at Different Stages

Manyelo, Tlou Grace; Sebola, Nthabiseng Amenda; Hassan, Zahra Mohammed; Ng’ambi, J. W.; Weeks, William J.; Mabelebele, Monnye

doi:10.3390/molecules27030623

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…З цього погляду насіння амаранту є сировиною, що забезпечує високу харчову цінність [1]. Родина Amaranthacea включає 70 видів [2]. Види Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., A. cruentus L. і A. caudatus L. вирощуються для отримання насіння [3].…”

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Nitrogen compounds and fatty acid composition in seeds of amaranth varieties

Liubych¹,

Kononenko²,

Poltoretska³

et al. 2022

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Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of the formation of the nitrogen component and the fatty acid composition in amaranth seeds of different varieties. Methods. Laboratory (determination of the content of protein, amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates), calculation (integral score), mathematical and statistical. Results. The conducted studies show that amaranth seeds had a high protein content amounting to 16.1–24.7%. At the same time, it varied significantly over the studied varieties. Thus, significantly higher protein content was in amaranth variety ‘Kharkivskyi 1’ (24.7%) compared to other varieties. The lowest protein content was in ‘Helios’ variety (16.1%). It was found that phenylalanine dominates among essential amino acids in amaranth seeds, with the content ranging in the studied varieties between 981 and 1155 mg/100. The content of tryptophan was the lowest, 155–206 mg/100 g. The highest content of amino acids was determined in variety ‘Kharkivskyi 1’. The seeds of this variety exceeded the seeds of the ‘Helios’ variety by 30–33% in terms of the content of threonine, tryptophan, and isoleucine, by 17–20% of phenylalanine, methionine, and lysine, and by 11% of valine and leucine. In addition, the integral score for the seeds of this variety was also the highest. The highest integral score in the studied varieties was determined for methionine – 33.0–38.9%, for isoleucine – 23.1–30.7, tryptophan, lysine, phenylalanine – 19.4–26.3, leucine and lysine – 16.6–26.3%. The major fatty acid in amaranth seeds is linoleic, the content of which in the seeds of the studied varieties varied significantly, from 2.03 to 2.95 g/100 g. The share of linolenic acid in the seeds ranged from 43.2 to 55.5%. The content of oleic acid varied from 1.60 to 1.33%, with the share of this acid being equal to 23.5–34.0%. The content of linolenic acid was the lowest, 0.01–0.03 g/100 g, with a share of 0.2–0.6% of the total fatty acids. Conclusions. Amaranth seeds have the highest percentage of carbohydrates that reach 63.1–68.2% in the studied varieties. The protein content varies from 16.1 to 24.7%. Among essential amino acids, the content of phenylalanine in seeds of the studied varieties was the highest, 985–1155 mg/100 g. The integral score of amaranth seeds for amino acids varied from lowest to highest in the following order: leucine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and methionine. The content of fatty acids, varied, respectively: linolenic, stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic. According to indicators of the nitrogen-containing component and the content of fatty acids, the seeds of the ‘Kharkivskyi 1’ variety exceed the other studied amaranth varieties.

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“…UDC 577.112+664.34:633.2:631.526.3 Liubych, V. V. 1* , Kononenko, L. M. 1 , Poltoretska, N. M. 1 , & Voitovska, V. I. 2 Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of the formation of the nitrogen component and the fatty acid composition in amaranth seeds of different varieties.…”

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Nitrogen compounds and fatty acid composition in seeds of amaranth varieties

Liubych¹,

Kononenko²,

Poltoretska³

et al. 2022

Наукові праці ІБКіЦБ

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“…Amaranth is a C 4 plant of great agronomic importance because of its high nutritional and nutraceutical values which provide health benefits. Manyelo et al [ 40 ] reported higher calcium (Ca), P, magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) contents (2771.07, 5024.56, 3501.36 and 5101.99 mg/kg, respectively) in the grain and significantly higher trace mineral content for Copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) (5.95, 23.71, 49.97 and 147.01 mg/kg, respectively). In addition, secondary metabolites, specifically anthocyanins, were shown to be abundant in grains (35.92 mg/kg), which reinforces its potential in increasing the immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofertilizers from wastewater treatment as a potential source of mineral nutrients for growth of amaranth plants

Ferreira,

Barrochelo,

de Melo

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Exploring alternative fertilizers is crucial in agriculture due to the cost and environmental impact of inorganic options. This study investigated the potential of sewage-derived biofertilizers on the growth and physiology of Amaranthus cruentus plants. Various treatments were compared, including control treatments with inorganic fertilizer and treatments with biofertilizers composed of microalgae, biosolids and reclaimed water. The following traits were investigated: photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, growth, and leaf nutrient concentrations. The results showed that the concentrations of N, P, Cu, Fe Zn and Na nutrients, in the dry microalgae and biosolids, were quite high for the needs of the plants. The wet microalgae presented high concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn nutrients while reclaimed water contained high concentration of N, K, Ca and S. Na and Zn nutrients increased in the leaf of plants treated with dry microalgae and biosolid, respectively. At the beginning of the flowering phase, total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were lower for plants grown with wet microalgae while for plants grown with higher doses of biosolid or reclaimed water total chlorophyll was increased, and carotenoids were not affected. Lower photosynthetic pigments under wet microalgae resulted in lower photosynthetic rates. On the other hand, amendments with dry microalgae and biosolid increased photosynthetic rates with the biosolid being the most effective. Higher applications of biosolid, wet and dry microalgae produced a considerable increase in shoot biomass of amaranth, with the dry microalgae being the most effective. Additionally, reclaimed water obtained after tertiary treatment of sewage with microalgae and biosolids applied alone showed promising effects on plant growth. Overall, these findings suggest that organic fertilizers derived from sewage treatment have the potential to enhance plant growth and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.

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“…Amaranth grains contain phenolic compounds (e.g., flavonoids) and a relatively high antioxidant capacity, where total phenolic acids in several amaranth ecotypes range from 16.8 to 40.1 mg/100 g (dry weight) [8]. Nevertheless, the phytochemical composition depends on multiple variables during growing conditions [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Grain Extracts for the Development of Alginate-Based Active Films

et al. 2022

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This research work investigates the development of alginate-based films incorporating phenolic compounds extracted from Amaranthus cruentus grain using different solvents. Alginate, glycerol, and amaranth grain phenolic compounds at various concentrations were used to produce the films. An experimental Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the effect of these variables on different film’s properties, i.e., water vapor permeability, hydrophobicity, moisture content, solubility, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. This study demonstrated that high phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity were obtained from amaranth grain using ethanol as the extraction solvent. Alginate films incorporating amaranth phenolic compounds were successfully manufactured, and this study can be used to tailor the formulation of alginate films containing amaranth phenolic compounds, depending on their final food application. For example, less flexible but more resistant and water-soluble films can be produced by increasing the alginate concentration, which was confirmed by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. This study showed that active alginate films with amaranth phenolic compounds can be tailored to be used as food packaging material with potential antioxidant activity.

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Chemical Composition and Metabolomic Analysis of Amaranthus cruentus Grains Harvested at Different Stages

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Nitrogen compounds and fatty acid composition in seeds of amaranth varieties

Nitrogen compounds and fatty acid composition in seeds of amaranth varieties

Biofertilizers from wastewater treatment as a potential source of mineral nutrients for growth of amaranth plants

Valorization of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Grain Extracts for the Development of Alginate-Based Active Films

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