Chemical Composition and Anticancer Activity of Macaranga hosei Leaves

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONMacaranga is one genus of the family Euphorbiaceae comprising of ± 300 species. In Indonesia, this plant known as "Mahang". The distribution of Macaranga plants is relatively wide, other than Indonesia, can also be found in Africa, Madagascar, Asia, the east coast of Australia and the Pacific islands [1].According to previous studies, phenolics such as flavonoids and stilbenoids can be isolated from this genus. The uniqueness of flavonoids and stilbenoids from this genus is the presence of terpenoids at aromatic core such as prenyl, geranyl, farnesyl and geranyl [2,3]. Prenylated flavonoids including flavanone derivatives mostly can be found in M. triloba, M. trichocarpa, M. conivera and M. lowii [3-6]. Flavonol derivatives can be obtained from M. gigantea, M. recurvate, M. pruinosa, M. rizhinoides and M. bicolor [2,5,7-9]. Dihydroflavone derivatives mostly can be attained in M. conivera, M. alnifolia, M. pruinosa and M. lowii [6,8,10,11].Previous studies have revealed that the presence of isoprenoid chains plays an important role for the biological activity of prenylated aromatic compounds which made them possess better bioactivity than their mother compounds without derivatization or modification [12] The anticancer activity of methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Macaranga hosei leaves against HeLa cell lines were evaluated by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Both extracts displayed anticancer activity with IC50 values of 36.18 and 7.01 µM, respectively, which can be suggested that M. hosei is a great potential source of anticancer agents. In addition, two isoprenylated flavanones, 4'-O-methyl-8-isoprenyl eriodictyol (1) and 6-isoprenyl eriodictyol (2) have been isolated from ethyl acetate fraction. The structures of both compounds have been elucidated based on their spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra.

5,7-Dihydroxy-3,6-Dimethoxy-3′,4′-Methylendioxyflavone

“…The UV spectrum showed absorption maxima at λmax 245, 255, 296, and 344 nm, which is characteristic for a flavonol structure [6]. The IR spectrum showed an absorption for hydroxyl (3423 cm −1 ), conjugated carbonyl (1645 cm −1 ), aromatic (1577 and 1481 cm −1 ), and ether (1132 cm −1 ) groups, respectively [7]. The 13 C-NMR spectrum (Table 1) showing that a methoxyl group was placed at C-6.…”

Cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of flavonoids and diterpenoids from Macaranga involucrata (Roxb.) Baill

“…The decoction of the leaves of Macaranga recurvata has been used to treat cancer by Dayak people (Tjahjandarie et al, 2019). Previous reports have shown that Macaranga plants produce terpenoids (Qi et al, 2017), flavonoids (Le et al, 2021;Marliana et al, 2018;Tanjung et al, 2010), and stilbenoids (Aldin et al, 2021;Pailee et al, 2015;Tanjung et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2015). Five diterpenoids (cembranoids type), deheiculatins C, and G-J from Macaranga deheiculata showed moderate activity against human 11β-hydroxydehydrogenase type 1 (Qi et al, 2017).…”