Chemical and lead isotope analysis of some lead-barium glass wares from the Warring States Period, unearthed from Chu tombs in Changde City, Hunan Province, China

Cui, Jianfeng; Wu, Xiaohong; Huang, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.034

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Cui et al . () also noted Pb–Ba Bi discs and beads could be distinguished compositionally: the vessels contained >35% PbO and beads <30%. Reduced chemical compositions suggest that a soda–lime base glass, presumably of western or Central Asian origin, was used with added lead and barium.…”

Section: Lead–barium Glasses Made In Chinamentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Some Chinese lead isotope signatures either have very high or very low lead isotope values (Brill and Shirahata , figs 4.1–4.3); results for 12 lead–barium glass Bi discs and eye beads from Chu tombs in Hunan Province could suggest that they were made in Hunan Province (Cui et al . ). No primary or secondary glass production sites for lead–barium glasses have been recorded, so their exact provenance is still an open question.…”

Section: Lead–barium Glasses Made In Chinamentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Archaeometry and Archaeology of Ancient Chinese Glass: a Review

Henderson

2018

Archaeometry

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This paper provides a new review of archaeometric research carried out on glass found in China, set in an archaeological context, from its earliest occurrence to the Song dynasty. It is set within a broad geographical context taking the terrestrial and maritime Silk Road contacts into account. We discuss chemical and isotopic compositional contrasts in glasses from different periods found in different parts of China, the glasses that were almost certainly made in China and those that were imported. A theme that runs through the paper is the problem of provenancing glass found in China, along with a lack of evidence for primary glass‐making sites and minimal evidence for secondary glass production. We discuss the glass artefacts that are of typical Chinese types and contrast these with imports; the structure reflects this contrast. We discuss potential new scientific and archaeological approaches to Chinese glass.

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Section: Lead–barium Glasses Made In Chinamentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Lead–barium Glasses Made In Chinamentioning

confidence: 97%

The Archaeometry and Archaeology of Ancient Chinese Glass: a Review

Henderson

2018

Archaeometry

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“…2016), especially lead barium glass such as Bi (璧), and seals and sword ornaments from Chu state tombs in Hunan province (Cui et al . ). Herein, the faience beads from Zhaitouhe cemetery may provide new information to allow a map to be created of the distribution of lead‐fluxed vitreous objects and show that such materials also appeared near the Yellow River (黄河流域) during the early Warring States period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Identification of PbO (BaO) faience from an early and middle Warring States period cemetery at Zhaitouhe, northern Shaanxi, China

Wang

Chen

et al. 2018

Archaeometry

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Low-temperature vitreous materials fluxed with lead (and barium) appeared in the early Warring States period (c.fifth century BCE) in ancient China. A range of lead vitreous products fluxed with the same agent, including faience/glass beads, glazed pottery and Chinese blue (purple) pigment, were developed subsequently. This study carries out scientific analysis of six vitreous beads unearthed from the Zhaitouhe cemetery site in northern Shaanxi dating to the early and middle Warring States period to investigate their chemical composition, microstructure and coloration. The lead (and barium) vitreous beads identified here are some of the earliest lead vitreous materials discovered in China so far, and therefore important for the study of the development of lead vitreous technologies in ancient China. This paper also points out that it is meaningful to evaluate the lead glass, glazed pottery and barium copper silicate pigments as a whole technological assemblage given their close relationships.

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“…During most steps of ancient metallurgy and glass working heat is applied, which can be accompanied by partial evaporation and/or oxidation of some elements, which in turn can induce fractionation. This has been studied in detail for Cu (Asael et al 2007;Mathur et al 2009), Cd (Wombacher et al 2003), Sn (Berger et al 2018), Ni (Ratié et al 2016) and Zn (Mattielli et al 2009) where fractionation occurs and must be accounted for, and for Pb, where fractionation is within the experimental error of the analysis tools used and much smaller than the natural variation within one ore field, hence not influencing provenance issues (Cui, Wu, and Huang 2011). In other metals, such as Fe, the metal phase did not indicate any isotope fractionation relative to the starting material during smelting.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony as a raw material in ancient metal and glass making: provenancing Georgian LBA metallic Sb by isotope analysis

Dillis

Ham-Meert

Leeming

et al. 2019

STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research

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Sb was frequently used as a raw material, both in ancient glass-making (as an opacifier and decolouriser) and metallurgy (either as an alloying element or as a pure metal). Despite this ubiquity, antimony production has only occasionally been studied and questions concerning its provenance are still not satisfactorily answered. This study evaluates the suitability of Sb isotope analysis for provenance determination purposes, as experiments under lab conditions have revealed fractionation occurring during redox processes in oxidising stibnites and in making opacified glasses. The results of this paper help to evaluate the possible influence of the pyrotechnological processes on the antimony isotope composition of glass artefacts. This paper focuses on the Caucasus as case study by applying mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic analysis to Georgian ores (mainly from the Racha-Lechkumi district) and Late Bronze Age (LBA; 15th-10th century BCE) metallic Sb objects found at the sites of Brili and Chalpiragorebi.

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Chemical and lead isotope analysis of some lead-barium glass wares from the Warring States Period, unearthed from Chu tombs in Changde City, Hunan Province, China

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

The Archaeometry and Archaeology of Ancient Chinese Glass: a Review

The Archaeometry and Archaeology of Ancient Chinese Glass: a Review

Identification of PbO (BaO) faience from an early and middle Warring States period cemetery at Zhaitouhe, northern Shaanxi, China

Antimony as a raw material in ancient metal and glass making: provenancing Georgian LBA metallic Sb by isotope analysis

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