Abstract:Background and Objectives: Medicinal plants are the richest, cheapest and most readily available source of drugs, nutraceuticals and food supplements. Pharmaceutical industries still rely largely on medicinal plants for intermediates due to their chemical diversities. This study, therefore, investigated the chemical constituents, thermal decomposition products and biological activities of extract from seeds of Cola nitida (the 'kola nut').
“…This proves that TiO 2 NPs were synthesized with C. nitida compounds involved in the biological reduction of TiO(OH) 2 and subsequent capping of the synthesized TiO 2 NPs. Kola nut as well as its parts have been reported to have approximately 15.24% protein, with sufficient abundance of kolatine, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, essential oils, caffeine, theobromine and nicotine [ 19 , 53 , 54 ]. Figure 2 The FTIR spectra of phytosynthesized TiO 2 NPs.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been cultivated in other parts of the World such as India, Australia, Malaysia, Trinidad, Jamaica, Brazil, and Hawaii [ 17 ]. Kola nut tree contains compounds that have antimicrobial [ 18 , 19 ], anti-inflammatory [ 20 ], antidiuretic [ 21 ], antidiabetic [ 22 ], antioxidative [ 23 ] and anticancer [ 24 ] activities. The plant has also been used to treat cardiovascular disease, whooping cough and asthma [ 25 , 26 ].…”
First study of phytosynthesis of TiO
2
NPs using the leaf (KL), pod (KP), seed (KS) and seed shell (KSS) extracts of kola nut tree (
Cola nitida
) is herein reported. The TiO
2
NPs were characterized and evaluated for their antimicrobial, dye degradation, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. The nearly spherical-shaped particles had λmax of 272.5–275.0 nm with size range of 25.00–191.41 nm. FTIR analysis displayed prominent peaks at 3446.79, 1639.49 and 1382.96 cm
−1
, indicating the involvement of phenolic compounds and proteins in the phytosynthesis of TiO
2
NPs. Both SAED and XRD showed bioformation of crystalline anatase TiO
2
NPs which inhibited multidrug-drug resistant bacteria and toxigenic fungi. The catalytic activities of the particles were profound, with degradation of malachite green by 83.48–86.28 % without exposure to UV-irradiation, scavenging of DPPH and H
2
O
2
by 51.19–60.08 %, and 78.45–99.23 % respectively. The particles as well prevented the coagulation of human blood. In addition to the antimicrobial and dye-degrading activities, we report for the first time the H
2
O
2
scavenging and anticoagulant activities of TiO
2
NPs, showing that the particles can be useful for catalytic and biomedical applications.
“…This proves that TiO 2 NPs were synthesized with C. nitida compounds involved in the biological reduction of TiO(OH) 2 and subsequent capping of the synthesized TiO 2 NPs. Kola nut as well as its parts have been reported to have approximately 15.24% protein, with sufficient abundance of kolatine, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, essential oils, caffeine, theobromine and nicotine [ 19 , 53 , 54 ]. Figure 2 The FTIR spectra of phytosynthesized TiO 2 NPs.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been cultivated in other parts of the World such as India, Australia, Malaysia, Trinidad, Jamaica, Brazil, and Hawaii [ 17 ]. Kola nut tree contains compounds that have antimicrobial [ 18 , 19 ], anti-inflammatory [ 20 ], antidiuretic [ 21 ], antidiabetic [ 22 ], antioxidative [ 23 ] and anticancer [ 24 ] activities. The plant has also been used to treat cardiovascular disease, whooping cough and asthma [ 25 , 26 ].…”
First study of phytosynthesis of TiO
2
NPs using the leaf (KL), pod (KP), seed (KS) and seed shell (KSS) extracts of kola nut tree (
Cola nitida
) is herein reported. The TiO
2
NPs were characterized and evaluated for their antimicrobial, dye degradation, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. The nearly spherical-shaped particles had λmax of 272.5–275.0 nm with size range of 25.00–191.41 nm. FTIR analysis displayed prominent peaks at 3446.79, 1639.49 and 1382.96 cm
−1
, indicating the involvement of phenolic compounds and proteins in the phytosynthesis of TiO
2
NPs. Both SAED and XRD showed bioformation of crystalline anatase TiO
2
NPs which inhibited multidrug-drug resistant bacteria and toxigenic fungi. The catalytic activities of the particles were profound, with degradation of malachite green by 83.48–86.28 % without exposure to UV-irradiation, scavenging of DPPH and H
2
O
2
by 51.19–60.08 %, and 78.45–99.23 % respectively. The particles as well prevented the coagulation of human blood. In addition to the antimicrobial and dye-degrading activities, we report for the first time the H
2
O
2
scavenging and anticoagulant activities of TiO
2
NPs, showing that the particles can be useful for catalytic and biomedical applications.
“…The effect of Cola nitida on reproductive hormones was studied by Adisa et al (2010). Also, Adesanwo et al (2017) reported the antimicrobial and antioxidative properties of Cola nitida . There is however paucity of studies on anti-inflammatory, nociception and mechanism(s) of Cola nitida in rodents.…”
Background and objectives: The chemical composition of Melanthera scandens (MS) methanol (MeOH) extract is yet to be fully comprehended. Chemical composition of a plant extract is closely related to the biological activity of the plant material, in phytomedicine. In this study, chemical analyses of MS extracts were carried out with the aim of identifying the organic chemical constituents. Methods: Powdered MS leaf was soxhlet extracted with dichloromethane and MeOH. The solvent extracts were analyzed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer and GC-MS (fatty acid methyl ester and trimethylsilyl derivatives). Fresh MS leaves were cold extracted with MeOH for biological studies and isolation of compounds. The MeOH extract was screened for phytochemical constituents and partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol to give the respective fractions. The n-hexane fraction was examined for volatile constituents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antibacterial study of n-hexane, EtOAc, butanol fractions and crude MeOH extract was undertaken; extract and fractions were screened against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, B. cerus and S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the EtOAc fraction (the most active) were determined using the macrobroth dilution method, and the fraction was subjected to column fractionation. Eluents were monitored by thin-layer chromatography. The combined fractions that exhibited antibacterial activity were further purified to obtain isolates which were characterized by spectroscopic techniques-nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (fatty acid methyl ester and trimethylsilyl) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer. Results: Phytochemical screening of MS extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycoside, saponins and steroid, while flavonoid was not detected. The n-hexane fraction, EtOAc fraction, and crude MeOH extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus species, while the butanol fraction did not display any activity against the tested microbes. The EtOAc fraction showed the greatest activity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the n-hexane fraction identified 14 compounds, among which phytol was of highest percentage composition. Ten different compounds were identified in the dichloromethane extract, consisting mainly of oleanane and ursolane derivatives. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrom
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