Cheating more when the spoils are split

Cognitive control and socially desirable behavior: The role of interpersonal impact

“…Any anagram reported as solved thus constituted cheating. This measure was adopted from prior research and it is widely used as a measure of cheating (e.g., DePalma, Madey, & Bornschein, 1995;Eisenberger & Leonard, 1980;Eisenberger & Masterson, 1983;Eisenberger & Shank, 1985;Shmueli & Muraven, 2007;Wiltermuth, 2010). To minimize suspicion, we selected anagrams of common English words and we changed only one letter.…”

Lying because we care: Compassion increases prosocial lying.

“…Yet, when the benefits of lying do not clearly outweigh those of honesty in the eyes of the target, prosocial lies can harm trust and moral judgments, and communicating benevolent intent may do little to mitigate these negative effects (Lupoli, Levine, & Greenberg, 2017). Other work has focused on predictors of prosocial lying: Research reveals that people are more likely to lie when others stand to gain (Gino, Ayal, & Ariely, 2013;Gino & Pierce, 2009;Wiltermuth, 2011), and prosocial lying is observed even when there is a cost to the self (Erat & Gneezy, 2012). Thus far, however, no work has examined what is likely a critical antecedent of prosocial lying: emotion, and in particular, the emotion of compassion.…”

Who Lies? A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Sex, Age, and Education on Honesty

“…Previous studies have explored what makes people act dishonestly by focusing on social and moral preferences (Biziou-van-Pol, 2015;Levine & Schweitzer, 2014;Levine & Schweitzer, 2015;Shalvi & de Dreu, 2014), incentives (Dreber & Johannesson, 2008;Erat & Gneezy, 2012;Fischbacher & Föllmi-Heusi, 2013;Gneezy, 2005;Kajackaite & Gneezy, 2015;Mazar, Amir & Ariely, 2008;Sutter, 2009), the role of group-serving lies versus individual-serving lies (Cohen, Gunia, Kim-Jun & Murnighan, 2009;Conrads, Irlenbusch, Rilke & Walkowitz, 2013;Gino, Ayal & Ariely, 2013;Wiltermuth, 2011), and the role of manipulating cognitive resources (Gino, Schweitzer, Mead & Ariely, 2011;Shalvi, Eldar & Bereby-Meyer, 2012;Gunia et al, 2012;van't Veer, Stel & van Beest, 2014;Capraro, 2017). …”