Who Lies? A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Sex, Age, and Education on Honesty

Capraro, Valerio

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2930944

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…This is not contrary to our hypothesis that women would be perceived to tell more white lies, but it also does not confirm our hypothesis. Moreover, men are more likely to tell altruistic white lies, but there is no clear sex difference in terms of who tells more Pareto white lies (Capraro, 2018). The current study may not reveal consistent perceptions of sex differences because of this heterogeneous nature of white lies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Thus, our hypothesis that men would be perceived to tell more serious lies was partially confirmed. Given that men tell more black lies (Capraro, 2018), the current study may suggest that people might accurately perceive which sex engages in more serious black lies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…For example, do people believe mothers or fathers are more likely to tell lies that are meant to nurture, encourage, and protect their children? Another opportunity is to examine which sex actually engages in more such lies toward children using different methods such as diaries (e.g., DePaulo et al, 1996) or experimental designs (e.g., Capraro, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men also lie more in various nonillegal contexts, for example, by engaging in sexual infidelity (Petersen & Hyde, 2010) and cheating on exams (Whitley et al, 1999). Finally, a meta-analysis revealed that men tell more black lies (lies that help the liar but cost someone else; Capraro, 2018). Not all black lies are serious, but we can safely assume that many are indeed serious.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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American and Korean Perceptions of Sex Differences in Deception

2020

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Beliefs about which sex lies more or is better at lying can have subtle but widespread effects on human interactions, yet little is known about such beliefs. In Study 1, an American sample of participants ( N = 407, ages 18–64) completed a 12-item survey on perceptions of sex differences in deception. In Study 2, a Korean sample ( N = 197, ages 19–58) completed the same survey. Men from both cultures and Korean women perceived no difference regarding which sex tells more white (i.e., relatively harmless or low-stakes) lies. American women perceived that women tell more white lies. Women from both cultures and American men perceived that men tell a greater number of serious (i.e., nonwhite or high-stakes) lies. Korean men perceived no difference regarding which sex tells a greater number of serious lies. Both sexes from both countries reported a perception that (1) men are more likely to lie about height, income, and sexual infidelity, (2) women are more likely to lie about weight and age, and (3) women are better at lying. The findings were mixed regarding perceptions about emotional infidelity. Results are interpreted in light of sex-different challenges to mating and parenting.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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American and Korean Perceptions of Sex Differences in Deception

2020

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“…But they do not distinguish across different types of lie. Capraro (2017b) found that men lie more than women across each different type of lie. Thus, in particular, men lie more than women in self-serving situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Good, the Bad, and the Angry: An Experimental Study on the Heterogeneity of People's (Dis)honest Behavior

Barcelo

Capraro²

2017

SSRN Journal

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Does the truth come naturally? Time pressure increases honesty in one-shot deception games

Capraro

2017

Economics Letters

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Many situations require people to act quickly and are characterized by asymmetric information.Since asymmetric information makes people tempted to misreport their private information for their own benefit, it is of primary importance to understand whether time pressure affects honest behavior. A theory of social heuristics (the Social Heuristics Hypothesis, SHH), predicts that, in case of one-shot interactions, such an effect exists and it is positive. The SHH proposes that when people have no time to evaluate all available alternatives, they tend to rely on heuristics, choices that are optimal in everyday, repeated interactions and that have been internalized over time; and then, after deliberation, people shift their behavior towards the one that is optimal in the given interaction. Thus, the SHH predicts that time pressure increases honesty in one-shot interactions (because honesty may be optimal in repeated interactions, while dishonesty is always optimal in the short run). However, to the best of our knowledge, no experimental studies have tested this prediction. Here, I report a large (N=1,013) study aimed at filling this gap. In this study, participants were given a private information and were asked to report it within 5 seconds vs after 30 seconds. The interaction was one-shot, and payoffs were such that subjects had an incentive to lie. As predicted by the SHH, I find that time pressure increases honest behavior. In doing so, these results provide new insights on the role of time pressure on honesty, and provide one more piece of evidence in support of the Social Heuristics Hypothesis.

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Who Lies? A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Sex, Age, and Education on Honesty

Cited by 12 publications

References 78 publications

American and Korean Perceptions of Sex Differences in Deception

American and Korean Perceptions of Sex Differences in Deception

The Good, the Bad, and the Angry: An Experimental Study on the Heterogeneity of People's (Dis)honest Behavior

Does the truth come naturally? Time pressure increases honesty in one-shot deception games

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