Charge trapping in an organic photoconductor: Poly(<i>N</i>-vinylcarbazole) doped with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone

Marc, N.; Moisan, J.Y.; André, B.; Lever, R. F.

doi:10.1080/13642819608239152

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…48 Furthermore, using the photoelectric parameters measured, the effects of preillumination and time-gating on the space-charge field were numerically simulated and found to be in a good agreement with the experimental results previously obtained from the PR measurements carried out in the same TPD-PPV/DMNPAA/ MNPAA/DPP/PCBM composite. 42,66 We note that Marc et al previously reported several studies of charge transport 67 and trapping properties 68 of PVKbased materials, in which charge carrier mobility, trap densities, carrier lifetimes, etc. were determined from the analysis of photocurrent dynamics.…”

Section: ∂F ∂Tmentioning

confidence: 83%

Organic Photorefractives: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

2004

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Section: ∂F ∂Tmentioning

confidence: 83%

Organic Photorefractives: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

2004

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“…The nitrofluorenones have been extensively used as electron acceptors, − and a few other examples of donor/acceptor adducts with a nitrofluorenone have been characterized crystallographically. Only one compound, {nickel(II) etioporphyrin I}·2{2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone}, involves a transition metal containing component .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron accepting properties of these nitrofluorenones are well-known and widely used. For example, nitrofluorenones have been utilized in creating supramolecular structures, in separation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, in developing electrochromic films, in the formation of photoconducting polymers, and in charge trapping in organic photoconductors . The structures of the crystalline charge-transfer adducts which form are analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the Aurophilic Interactions in Trimeric Gold(I) Compounds through Charge Transfer. Behavior of Solvoluminescent Au₃(MeNCOMe)₃in the Presence of Electron Acceptors

et al. 2001

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The ability of the triangular gold(I) complex, Au(3)(MeN=COMe)(3), which as a solid displays the novel property of solvoluminescence (see: Vickery, J. C.; Olmstead, M. M.; Fung, E. Y.; Balch, A. L. Angew.Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1179) to function as an electron donor has been demonstrated through spectroscopic studies and isolation of crystalline adducts with organic acceptor molecules. Four such adducts with nitro-9-fluorenones have been isolated and subject to single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. These are deep yellow [Au(3)(MeN=COMe)(3)].[2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone], red [Au(3)(MeN=COMe)(3)].[2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone], red [Au(3)(MeN=COEt)(3)](2).[2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone], and red [Au(3)(MeN=COEt)(3)](2).[2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone]. The solid-state structures of [Au(3)(MeN=COMe)(3)].[2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone] and [Au(3)(MeN=COMe)(3)].[2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone] consist of columns in which the planar gold(I) trimers and the nearly planar nitro-9-fluorenones are interleaved with the gold trimers making face-to-face contact with the nitroaromatic portion of the electron acceptor. Thus the organic acceptors disrupt the aurophilic interactions present in crystalline [Au(3)(MeN=COMe)(3)] itself. However, in [Au(3)(MeN=COEt)(3)](2).[2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone] and [Au(3)(MeN=COEt)(3)](2).[2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone], aurophilic interactions are found which produce dimers, [Au(3)(MeN=COEt)(3)](2), with nearly trigonal prismatic Au(6) cores. These dimers are interleaved with the nitro-9-fluorenone molecules to again form extended columns in which the components make face-to-face contact. Despite the fact that the gold atoms in [Au(3)(MeN=COMe)(3)] and [Au(3)(MeN=COEt)(3)] are in exposed sites and only two-coordinate, there is no evidence of additional coordination of the nitro-9-fluorenones with gold centers in the crystalline adducts.

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Energy transfer to porphyrin derivative dopants in polymer light-emitting diodes

Higgins

Monkman

Nothofer

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Physics

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The device physics of bilayer polymer light-emitting diodes that utilize energy transfer to various porphyrin derivatives were investigated. The emissive host, α,ω-bis[N,N-di(4-methylphenyl) aminophenyl]-poly(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluoren-2,7-diyl) (PF2/6am4), was doped to a variety of concentrations between 0.5 and 4 wt. % with 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin zinc(II) (ZnOEP), 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin palladium(II) (PdOEP), and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin platinum(II) (PtOEP). The electroluminescent devices showed a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.19%, 0.22%, 1.08%, and 2.75% for undoped APFO, PF2/6am4:ZnOEP, PF2/6am4:PdOEP, and PF2/6am4:PtOEP blends, respectively. We attribute this variation in performance of the blends to be a product of both the luminescence quantum yield of the dopant molecules, which we take from the literature as 0.065, 0.2, and 0.5 for ZnOEP, PdOEP, and PtOEP, respectively, and the dopant excited state lifetime. We observe that at high brightness the EQE of the doped devices falls below that of the undoped device and we attribute this high-end falloff in performance to the excited state lifetimes of the dopant molecules, which determine at which current density devices exhibit peak efficiency. Past this peak in efficiency, we propose that saturation of the dopant sites is the major factor in detrimental device performance, which has wide reaching consequences for any future design that utilizes energy transfer of dopant molecules.

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Charge trapping in an organic photoconductor: Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) doped with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Organic Photorefractives: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

Organic Photorefractives: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

Alteration of the Aurophilic Interactions in Trimeric Gold(I) Compounds through Charge Transfer. Behavior of Solvoluminescent Au₃(MeNCOMe)₃in the Presence of Electron Acceptors

Energy transfer to porphyrin derivative dopants in polymer light-emitting diodes

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Charge trapping in an organic photoconductor: Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) doped with 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Organic Photorefractives: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

Organic Photorefractives: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

Alteration of the Aurophilic Interactions in Trimeric Gold(I) Compounds through Charge Transfer. Behavior of Solvoluminescent Au3(MeNCOMe)3in the Presence of Electron Acceptors

Energy transfer to porphyrin derivative dopants in polymer light-emitting diodes

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Alteration of the Aurophilic Interactions in Trimeric Gold(I) Compounds through Charge Transfer. Behavior of Solvoluminescent Au₃(MeNCOMe)₃in the Presence of Electron Acceptors