Charge-Transfer Complexes in Electrochemistry

Farges, J.; Gutmann, F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7452-1_5

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…All amphetamine analogs demonstrated a wavelength-dependent photoactivity with a higher activity when irradiated with a microscope lamp set at 3000 K compared to 2600 K. Adsorption of organic molecules onto graphene has been studied both theoretically and experimentally, resulting in the conclusion that the photoinduced charge carriers such as electrons or holes depending upon the adsorbates can interact actively with graphene [27,28,29,30,31,32]. The amphetamine analogs in this study were chosen to represent a variety of alkyl substitution patterns on and around the amine nitrogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that amines and aryl compounds can interact with graphene’s electronic structure when adsorbed non-covalently (physisorption) and these groups were expected to dominate surface interactions for these analogs. Increased alkylation around these donor/acceptor groups should therefore sterically hinder the formation of a charge transfer complex at the surface [27,29,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Sensors Generated on Wafer-Scale Epitaxial Graphene for Application to Front-Line Drug Detection

Karlsson

Strandqvist

Jussi

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Generation of large areas of graphene possessing high quality and uniformity will be a critical factor if graphene-based devices/sensors are to be commercialized. In this work, epitaxial graphene on a 2" SiC wafer was used to fabricate sensors for the detection of illicit drugs (amphetamine or cocaine). The main target application is on-site forensic detection where there is a high demand for reliable and cost-efficient tools. The sensors were designed and processed with specially configured metal electrodes on the graphene surface by utilizing a series of anchors where the metal contacts are directly connected on the SiC substrate. This has been shown to improve adhesion of the electrodes and decrease the contact resistance. A microfluidic system was constructed to pump solutions over the defined graphene surface that could then act as a sensor area and react with the target drugs. Several prototypic systems were tested where non-covalent interactions were used to localize the sensing components (antibodies) within the measurement cell. The serendipitous discovery of a wavelength-dependent photoactivity for amphetamine and a range of its chemical analogs, however, limited the general application of these prototypic systems. The experimental results reveal that the drug molecules interact with the graphene in a molecule dependent manner based upon a balance of π -stacking interaction of the phenyl ring with graphene (p-doping) and the donation of the amine nitrogens lone pair electrons into the π - π *-system of graphene (n-doping).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Sensors Generated on Wafer-Scale Epitaxial Graphene for Application to Front-Line Drug Detection

Karlsson

Strandqvist

Jussi

et al. 2019

Sensors

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An electrochemical and spectrophotometric study of some charge‐transfer complexes involving drug molecules in acetonitrile

et al. 1996

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The electron donating properties of the drugs, amiodarone, desethylamiodarone, promethazine and codeine have been studied using the electrochemical technique of conductivity titration, complemented by electronic absorption spectroscopy. All were found to form chargetransfer complexes in vitro with the electron acceptor iodine in acetonitrile. A quantitative explanation has been proposed to account for the observed temperature dependence of the conductivity. This is based on consideration of the opposing effects of charge mobility and the temperature-dependent donor-acceptor equilibrium. An assessment of the use of the hydrochloride form, instead of free base, of drugs in examining the model systems for the study of drug donor-acceptor interactions is also presented.

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