Characterizing water resources and trends of sector wise water consumptions in Saudi Arabia

Chowdhury, Shakhawat; Al-Zahrani, Muhammad A.

doi:10.1016/j.jksues.2013.02.002

Cited by 72 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This would correspond to an annual extraction rate in 2050 that falls within estimates of the renewable recharge. 10,80 This also corresponds to a depletion of remaining nonrenewable groundwater reserves of approximately 330 km 3 by 2050, which is within recent estimates of the available resource. 10 It is important to note that further investigation into the distributed aquifer response via long-term hydrogeological modeling should be pursued to fully understand the implications for groundwater sustainability.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologysupporting

confidence: 61%

“…10,80 This also corresponds to a depletion of remaining nonrenewable groundwater reserves of approximately 330 km 3 by 2050, which is within recent estimates of the available resource. 10 It is important to note that further investigation into the distributed aquifer response via long-term hydrogeological modeling should be pursued to fully understand the implications for groundwater sustainability. 8,83 We also explore potential interplays with increasingly ambitious climate policy.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologysupporting

confidence: 61%

“…3,8−10 To mitigate the risk of freshwater scarcity, the country has developed more seawater desalination capacity than any other nation globally. 10,11 Wastewater recycling also plays an important role in managing the region's freshwater challenges. 10,12 As desalination and wastewater recycling requires more electricity than conventional groundwater and surface water supply technologies, 13,14 expanding capacity to balance groundwater constraints and urban growth will impact the regional electricity supply.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of Groundwater Constraints on Saudi Arabia’s Low-Carbon Electricity Supply Strategy

Parkinson

Djilali

Krey

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Balancing groundwater depletion, socioeconomic development and food security in Saudi Arabia will require policy that promotes expansion of unconventional freshwater supply options, such as wastewater recycling and desalination. As these processes consume more electricity than conventional freshwater supply technologies, Saudi Arabia's electricity system is vulnerable to groundwater conservation policy. This paper examines strategies for adapting to long-term groundwater constraints in Saudi Arabia's freshwater and electricity supply sectors with an integrated modeling framework. The approach combines electricity and freshwater supply planning models across provinces to provide an improved representation of coupled infrastructure systems. The tool is applied to study the interaction between policy aimed at a complete phase-out of nonrenewable groundwater extraction and concurrent policy aimed at achieving deep reductions in electricity sector carbon emissions. We find that transitioning away from nonrenewable groundwater use by the year 2050 could increase electricity demand by more than 40% relative to 2010 conditions, and require investments similar to strategies aimed at transitioning away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector. Higher electricity demands under groundwater constraints reduce flexibility of supply side options in the electricity sector to limit carbon emissions, making it more expensive to fulfill climate sustainability objectives. The results of this analysis underscore the importance of integrated long-term planning approaches for Saudi Arabia's electricity and freshwater supply systems.

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Section: Environmental Science and Technologysupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Environmental Science and Technologysupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impacts of Groundwater Constraints on Saudi Arabia’s Low-Carbon Electricity Supply Strategy

Parkinson

Djilali

Krey

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Saudi Arabia produces 1.06 M m 3 of desalinated water . Saudi Arabia has built the world largest water storage structures, which can store 2.06 M m 3 of drinking water .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Saudi Arabia produces 1.06 M m 3 of desalinated water. 28 Saudi Arabia has built the world largest water storage structures, which can store 2.06 M m 3 of drinking water. 29 Pumped hydro storage is in operation since the last 100 years, and this technology is very commonly employed and commercially most viable storage option.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of various hybrid renewable energy systems using battery, hydrogen, and pumped hydro‐based storage units

et al. 2018

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Summary The aim of this research is to analyze the techno‐economic performance of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) using batteries, pumped hydro‐based, and hydrogen‐based storage units at Sharurah, Saudi Arabia. The simulations and optimization process are carried out for nine HRES scenarios to determine the optimum sizes of components for each scenario. The optimal sizing of components for each HRES scenario is determined based on the net present cost (NPC) optimization criterion. All of the nine optimized HRES scenarios are then evaluated based on NPC, levelized cost of energy, payback period, CO2 emissions, excess electricity, and renewable energy fraction. The simulation results show that the photovoltaic (PV)‐diesel‐battery scenario is economically the most viable system with the NPC of US$2.70 million and levelized cost of energy of US$0.178/kWh. Conversely, PV‐diesel‐fuel cell system is proved to be economically the least feasible system. Moreover, the wind‐diesel‐fuel cell is the most economical scenario in the hydrogen‐based storage category. PV‐wind‐diesel‐pumped hydro scenario has the highest renewable energy fraction of 89.8%. PV‐wind‐diesel‐pumped hydro scenario is the most environment‐friendly system, with an 89% reduction in CO2 emissions compared with the base‐case diesel only scenario. Overall, the systems with battery and pumped hydro storage options have shown better techno‐economic performance compared with the systems with hydrogen‐based storage.

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Design and simulation of a novel solar photovoltaic system assisted single‐slope solar still distillation unit

2023

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Water is an essential component of our lives. Conventional seawater desalination, based on fossil fuel energy, is primary in meeting freshwater demands.Thus, solar desalination still emerged as an alternative technology that employs environmentally friendly renewable energy. Here, we aim to design and simulate a novel hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) system coupled with a single-slope solar still unit for freshwater production. Various design techniques were utilized to fine-tune the model towards producing 3-4.6 kg/m 2 Á day of distillate water, thereby calculating the design aspects such as tank size, energy, and cost. The results revealed that a conventional solar desalination system had 22% lower efficiency than the proposed novel still distillation unit assisted with a solar PV system (connected to a heating element). The maximum efficiency of 45% has been recorded at the peak solar insolation due to the combination of the solar PV system. According to our design constraints, only a 3 m 2 basin area was required to achieve a productivity of P st = 1-5 kg/day. Design analysis showed that the total capital cost of a conventional still can be significantly reduced from 2600 to 1500 $/unit with PV system integration at the specified productivity and optimal solar radiation of $17 MJ/m 2 Á day at peak time (02.00 PM). This work paves the way towards maximizing solar energy utilization from PV integration with solar desalination to achieve high freshwater productivity in single-basin solar still systems.

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Characterizing water resources and trends of sector wise water consumptions in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 72 publications

References 8 publications

Impacts of Groundwater Constraints on Saudi Arabia’s Low-Carbon Electricity Supply Strategy

Impacts of Groundwater Constraints on Saudi Arabia’s Low-Carbon Electricity Supply Strategy

Performance analysis of various hybrid renewable energy systems using battery, hydrogen, and pumped hydro‐based storage units

Design and simulation of a novel solar photovoltaic system assisted single‐slope solar still distillation unit

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