Characterizing potential risk triggered by road traffic noise in comparison with typical air pollutants NO2 and PM2.5

Abstract

Characterizing multiple risk stemming from automobiles are required from the viewpoint of priority setting for future risk management. However, little is known about such issues given the inadequacy of indicators. In this research, with the illustration of the metropolitan city of Osaka, Japan, using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), impacts of road traffic noise and exhausts gas (nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and particulate matter (PM 2.5)) were quantified and compared with the risks of ischemic heart disease and high sleep disturbance; and respiratory disease as endpoints, respectively. Health risks due to automobile noise were 3102.1 and 97.8 DALYs under the condition of open and closed windows, respectively. The health risks were reduced by 96.8% under closed-window condition. On the other hand, the health risks caused by NO 2 and PM 2.5 from automobiles were 137.6 DALYs, which was lower than the health risks due to automobile noise. These results indicate the effectiveness of DALYs as an indicator to characterize different kinds of burden of health and environmental impacts from automobiles, and they were successfully used to evaluate the effectiveness of risk reduction options such as the difference between open and closed windows. Furthermore, most people were found to have been exposed to 55-60 dB noise level. Although they easily get used to and can tolerate this level, it is also the stage at which health risks begin to occur. Therefore, with continuous exposure, qualitative estimation showed that open windows under this noise level subsequently leads to high potential health risks.

Disease burden of COPD attributable to PM2.5in China, Japan and South Korea from 1990 to 2019: a comparative study based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

“…In the last decade or so, Korea has introduced laws and regulations such as the Emission Reduction Plan and Special Measures for Air Quality to address PM pollution,53 and guaranteed effective treatment for patients with COPD through the universal health insurance system, thereby reducing the severity of the disease and mortality 54. Japan has seen a small increase in COPD mortality attributable to APM in recent years, which we speculate may be due to increased air pollution and increased patient mortality due to the growth in the number of cars 55. Therefore, all governments need to continue to jointly adopt multiple regulations and measures to manage air pollution and clinical treatment techniques to promote primary and secondary prevention of COPD disease.…”

“… 54 Japan has seen a small increase in COPD mortality attributable to APM in recent years, which we speculate may be due to increased air pollution and increased patient mortality due to the growth in the number of cars. 55 Therefore, all governments need to continue to jointly adopt multiple regulations and measures to manage air pollution and clinical treatment techniques to promote primary and secondary prevention of COPD disease.…”

A comparative study of the disease burden of COPD attributable to PM2.5 in China, Japan, and South Korea from 1990 to 2019

“…In the last decade or so, Korea has introduced laws and regulations such as the Emission Reduction Plan and Special Measures for Air Quality to address particulate matter pollution [49], and guaranteed effective treatment for COPD patients through the universal health insurance system, thereby reducing the severity of the disease and mortality [50]. Japan has seen a small increase in COPD mortality attributable to APM in recent years, which we speculate may be due to increased air pollution and increased patient mortality due to the growth in the number of cars [51]. Therefore, all governments need to continue to jointly adopt multiple regulations and measures to manage air pollution and clinical treatment techniques to promote primary and secondary prevention of COPD disease.…”