Characterization of X-Ray Imaging Properties of PbI₂ Films

Abstract

This paper describes our recent research in developing vacuum sublimed lead iodide films for X-ray imaging. Lead iodide films are promising for this application due to their low dark current, high stopping efficiency, reasonably good charge transport, low cost, and relatively easy scale-up. Lead iodide films (up to 5 × 5 cm2 area) have been grown and characterized by measuring their X-ray imaging properties such as spatial resolution, and contrast transfer function. Excellent spatial resolution (> 10 lp/mm with high CTF ≈50%) has been recorded with PbI2 films. Relevant detection properties such as signal amplitude for given X-ray energy has also been measured and was found to be about 10 times larger as compared to standard phosphor screens used for X-ray imaging. Charge transport and timing characteristics of these films have been measured and the results indicate that these films should be capable of real-time operation. Application of these films for X-ray imaging such as mammography, fluoroscopy, and X-ray diffraction is addressed.

Morphology-controlled synthesis of lead iodine compounds from lead foils and iodine

“…Lead iodide can be synthesized by many synthesis methods. For example, sol-gel methods [14] and vapor deposition methods [15] were generally used for growth of PbI 2 single crystals and evaporation and sublimation methods were used to fabricate PbI 2 film on a certain substrate [16,17]. While numerous research works mainly focus on the purification method [18], electronic and optical properties related to their performances as radiation detector [19], the factors to control Recently, Qian and co-workers synthesized bundles of single-crystalline PbI 2 nanobelts through a facile solutionbased hydrothermal method at the assistance of dodecylamine [21].…”

Physical modeling of the electrical properties of PbI2 films

“…The PbI 2 films samples used in this study were prepared by PVD techniques as described elsewhere [9,10]. PbI 2 were mostly grown on glass substrates with conducting indiumtin-oxide (ITO) coating.…”

Crosstalk and lateral conduction effects in continuous-sensor amorphous silicon imagers

“…8 Continuous Se, PbI 2 or HgI 2 films are used for large area x-ray imagers where they can offer higher sensitivity and better spatial resolution. [9][10][11] The same concern about lateral leakage applies to these different materials and applications.…”