Characterization of Thiobacillus species by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids

Agate, A. D.; Vishniac, Wolf

doi:10.1007/bf00422206

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Cook (1991) pointed out that the n-4 family PUFA such as 20:4n-7 derived from 16:1n-7 in mammals might have the same role as that of 20:4n-6 because of their structural similarity. Although long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as DHA, were often found in the cells of deep-sea barophilic prokaryotes with n-7 monoenes (DeLong and Yayanos 1986;Yano et al 1998), the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria might produce monoenes rather than n-3 PUFA (Thiobacillus neopolitanus [Agata and Vishniac 1973]; Thiobacillus A2 [Thiele et al 1984]; Paracoccus versutus and Starkeya novella [Knief et al 2003]; and Thiomicrospira crunogena [Conway and Capuzzo 1991]). High levels of the unusual fatty acids in the C. phaseoliformis may indicate a complete bacterial contribution to host nutrition, and its symbiotic bacteria might play a vital role for the production of n-4 PUFA, as well as the role of PUFA previously reported (DeLong and Yayanos 1986;Vargas et al 1998;Yano et al 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characteristics of the odd chain fatty acids in the C. phaseoliformis lipids-Odd chain fatty acids are generally found as the minor components in bacterial lipids (Fulco 1983) and at trace levels in higher marine animals (Ackman 1989); at most, medium levels of limited kinds of odd chain fatty acids were confirmed in the lipid of the sulfur-using bacteria Thiobacillus thioparus (Agata and Vishniac 1973). In contrast with the simple fatty acid compositions of most other bacteria, various kinds of odd chain fatty acids from C-15 to C-21 were detected in the lipid of C. phaseoliformis; in particular, a significant amount of many sorts of C-21 chain n-4 family PUFA were first determined in its phospholipids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confirmation of a new food chain utilizing geothermal energy: Unusual fatty acids of a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena phaseoliformis

Saito

Osako

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

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Neutral and polar lipids of the cold-seep clam Calyptogena phaseoliformis were determined to assess the trophic relationship at hydrothermal vents. The clam obtained many of its lipids from the chemosynthetic microorganisms within the bacteriocytes on its gill filaments. The major fatty acids in the triacylglycerols and phospholipids in the clam consisted only of the n-4 family polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) plus saturated and n-7 monounsaturated fatty acids and were completely lacking n-3 PUFA, such as docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and icosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3). Such unique fatty acid composition markedly differs from those reported for other marine animals, which depend on organic matter derived from surface-layer phytoplankton. The relationship between C. phaseoliformis and its symbiotic bacteria is documented and revealed a closed novel food chain, independent of the photosynthetic food chain. The fluidity of the fatty acids in the animal's membrane are maintained by adaptation of the exogenous n-4 family PUFA. These unusual but dominant fatty acids are assimilated from the symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria, which use only geothermal energy and minerals from the cold-seep vents.All marine animals contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which originate from both phytoplankton and any symbiotic microorganisms depending on solar energy (Ackman 1989). In particular, marine animals contain high levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as docosahexaenoic acid ([DHA] 22:6n-3) and icosapentaenoic acid ([EPA] 20:5n-3), in their depot and tissue lipids (Ackman 1989;Tocher 2003). Similarly, n-6 PUFA, such as linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), are generally important for terrestrial animals. Either n-3 or n-6 PUFA usually dominate in marine or terrestrial animals, in particular in their cell membrane phospholipids.In the deep sea, all nutritional constituents are provided by the fall of organic matter from the surface (the detrital food chain) and vertical migrations of zooplankton and micronekton (the grazing food chain) (Raymont 1983). Not only do all marine animals in the upper water layers gain nutrition through the marine grazing food chain, but also benthic animals involved in the detrital food chain on or near the ocean bottom in some communities are indirectly supported by surface phytoplankton (Ackman 1989).The deep-sea Vesicomyidae clams of the genus Calyptogena, which have degenerate alimentary canals and house symbiotic chemosynthetic bacteria within the bacteriocytes on their gill filaments, have been observed on many coldseep sites of the bathyal to hadal zones (Sibuet and Olu 1998). The cold-seep bivalves, including Vesicomyids, thrive in cold seawater (2-5uC) in the deep sea and are conspicuous and abundant members of the deep-sea biological communities supported by sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria (Felbeck et al. 1981;Rau 1981). They assimilate the products and energy from these endosymbionts and completely depend on the chemosynthetic symbionts and t...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of a new food chain utilizing geothermal energy: Unusual fatty acids of a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena phaseoliformis

Saito

Osako

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The method is based on the previous investigations of Agate and Vishniac (1973). Fatty acid methyl esters were analysed by gas chromatography on a HewlettPackard 5890A with an HP-Ultra 2-column.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of carbondisulphide by a Thiobacillus isolate

Plas¹,

Wimmer²,

Holubar³

et al. 1993

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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During experiments investigating the purification of waste gas a bacterium capable of using carbon disulphide (CS2) als sole energy source was isolated. It could be identified as a Thiobacillus sp.; however, the species remains unclear. Both the properties of T. thioparus and T. thiooxidans have been observed. Since the organism could be used for removing CSa in the environment, the degradation kinetics have been investigated by different methods. Substrate concentrations of up to 100 mg CS2"1 -a w e r e oxidized at maximum rates of 2.5 mg CS2"g -1 protein'min -1 at pH 7.0 and at 30 ° C. CSa levels above 150 mg CS2.1-1 caused termination of degradative activity.

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“…would be a useful measure and might replace time-consuming and often unreliable cultural enumeration techniques. Analyses of the membrane fatty acids indicated that unusual fatty acids and ubiquinones were present [3][4][5][6][7] and those findings, at least in principle, suggested that membrane fatty acids could be used as quantitative signatures for the thiobacilli. 0168-6496/86/$03.50 '.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signature fatty acids in the polar lipids of acid-producingThiobacillusspp.: Methoxy, cyclopropyl, alpha-hydroxy-cyclopropyl and branched and normal monoenoic fatty acids

Kerger

Nichols

Antworth

et al. 1986

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The polar lipids of 5 species of Thiobacillus were extracted and purified. An analysis of the fatty acid composition of the polar lipids documented the presence of methoxy, cyclopropyl, monounsaturated and hydroxycyclopropyl fatty acids of sufficiently unusual structure to serve as ‘signatures’ for the presence of these organisms in environmental samples. The structures of the unusual fatty acids of the polar lipids were confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS) after isolation by capillary gas chromatography (GC).

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Characterization of Thiobacillus species by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Confirmation of a new food chain utilizing geothermal energy: Unusual fatty acids of a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena phaseoliformis

Confirmation of a new food chain utilizing geothermal energy: Unusual fatty acids of a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena phaseoliformis

Degradation of carbondisulphide by a Thiobacillus isolate

Signature fatty acids in the polar lipids of acid-producingThiobacillusspp.: Methoxy, cyclopropyl, alpha-hydroxy-cyclopropyl and branched and normal monoenoic fatty acids

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