Signature fatty acids in the polar lipids of acid-producing<i>Thiobacillus</i>spp.: Methoxy, cyclopropyl, alpha-hydroxy-cyclopropyl and branched and normal monoenoic fatty acids

Kerger, Brent D.; Nichols, Peter D.; Antworth, Christopher P.; Sand, Wolfgang; Bock, Eberhard; Cox, John C.; Langworthy, Thomas A.; White, David C.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01954.x

Cited by 73 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Nichols et al [14,21] found unusual patterns of unsaturation in the monoenoic PLFA of the methane-oxidizing bacteria and the pathogen Francisella tularensis. With both the acid-forming Thiobacilli [22], and the sulfate-reducing bacteria [23][24][25][26], the monoenic PLFA analysis was very important. These 'signature' patterns were sufficiently unique for detection of these organisms in environmental samples [27,28].…”

Section: Usefulness Of Biomarkers To Define Shifts In Microbial Commumentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of signature polarlipid fatty acid biomarkers for alkane-utilizing bacteria in soils and subsurface aquifer materials

Ringelberg

1989

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Extractable cell membrane‐derived polarlipid ester‐linked fatty acids (PLFA) obtained from aerated soils gassed with methane or propane and from methane‐ and propane‐oxidizing bacteria isolated from the soils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Exposure of aerated soils to methane resulted in the formation of a high proportion of an unusual 18‐carbon mono‐unsaturated PLFA, 18:lw8c. High proportions of this fatty acid biomarker are found in monocultures from this soil grown in minimal media with methane. This PLFA has been previously established as associated with authentic type II methane‐oxidizing bacteria. The microbiota in aerated soils exposed to hydrocarbons containing propane, formed a suite of PLFA characterized by high proportions of a 16‐carbon mono‐unsaturated acid, 16:lw6c, and an 18‐carbon saturated fatty acid with an additional methyl branch at the 10 position, 10 Me 18:0. This PLFA pattern has been detected in several monocultures enriched from the soil with propane‐amended minimal media. The correspondence of high proportions of these unusual mono‐unsaturated PLFA in the isolated monocultures and in situ in the soils after stimulation with the appropriate hydrocarbon is a strong validation of the utility of these biomarkers in defining the community structure of the surface soil microbial community.

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Section: Usefulness Of Biomarkers To Define Shifts In Microbial Commumentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of signature polarlipid fatty acid biomarkers for alkane-utilizing bacteria in soils and subsurface aquifer materials

Ringelberg

1989

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…The m/z values in bold correspond to the fragments of the dominant isomers in bacterial phospholipids, whose spectra and fragmentation are presented in Figure 1. Loui and Moore (1979); 4, Kerger et al (1986); 5, Gerwick et al (1987); 6, Orgambide et al (1993); 7, Inamoto et al (1995); 8, Barnathan et al 1998;9, Mesguishe et al 1999;10, Drouin et al 2000. source of essential FAMEs in the microbial loop (Zhukova and Kharlamento 1999).…”

Section: Molecular Patterns Of Flagellate Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Polar lipid biomarkers of free-living bacteria from oligotrophic marine waters

2005

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Free-living marine bacteria isolated from oligotrophic Mediterranean waters were enriched in culture to characterize their phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Odd chain iso-and anteisoFAMEs and nÀ16:0 were the predominant structural PLFAs, together with a homologous series identified as mid-chain methoxy FAMEs. The dominant methoxy fatty acids identified were 9-CH 3 O-15:0, 9-CH 3 -16:0 and 11-CH 3 O-17:0, occuring as pairs of stereoimers. Methoxy fatty acids accounted for up to 37% of PLFAs of free-living bacteria, which sets them as promising new biomarkers for bacteria of oligotrophic waters. Although similar homologues have already been characterized in a variety of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, methoxy fatty acids are identified here for the first time in marine bacteria. Analytical difficulties that may hinder the characterization of these biomarkers are presented, and structural elucidation keys by gas chromotography coupled to mass spectrometry are discussed. Whilst bacterial branched fatty acids were transferred to storage lipids of bacterivorous flagellates methoxy acids were not transferred to higher trophic levels in the studied conditions.

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“…True o-methoxy PLFA are known in some bacteria as are PLFA with multiple methyl or polar substituents on the carbon chain [13]. Hydroxy fatty acids with substitution most often at the 2 or 3 position, from the carboxyl, are important biomarkers.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Signature Lipid Biomarker Analysis for Quantitative Assessment In Situ of Environmental Microbial Ecology

White

Ringelberg

Macnaughton

et al. 1997

ACS Symposium Series

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Examination of the lipid components of microbes in recent sediments has provided a convenient, quantitative, and comprehensive method to define the viable biomass, community composition, and nutritional/physiological activities of the biological communities in the sediments. The lipid extraction provides both a concentration and purification of the lipids from the soils and sediments. The subsequent fractionation, purification, and derivatization, sets up the definitive separation and structural identification by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectral identification of each component. As a part of this signature lipid biomarker (SLB) analysis, the lipid extraction also lyses the cells and allows for recovery of purified nucleic acids for subsequent gene probing with and without enzymatic amplification. This polyphasic analysis adds powerful specificity to the analysis of community microbial ecology. Since the SLB analysis involves detection by mass spectrometry, rates of incorporation of non -radioactive 13 C and 15 N mass-labeled precursors into signature biomarkers can be utilized to gain insight into specific metabolic activities. Application of electrospray and other external ionization sources to ion-trap mass spectrometry will greatly increase the specificity and sensitivity of the SLB analysis.The assessment of the microbes and their in situ interactions in various environments has proven to be a major problem as it has become increasingly apparent that communities of microbes act differently in geochemical cycles than the sum of the isolated individuals. This has required the application of non-traditional methodology. Classical microbiological methods, that were so successful with infectious disease, have severe limitations for the analysis of environmental samples. Pure-culture isolation, 22

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Signature fatty acids in the polar lipids of acid-producingThiobacillusspp.: Methoxy, cyclopropyl, alpha-hydroxy-cyclopropyl and branched and normal monoenoic fatty acids

Cited by 73 publications

References 35 publications

Validation of signature polarlipid fatty acid biomarkers for alkane-utilizing bacteria in soils and subsurface aquifer materials

Validation of signature polarlipid fatty acid biomarkers for alkane-utilizing bacteria in soils and subsurface aquifer materials

Polar lipid biomarkers of free-living bacteria from oligotrophic marine waters

Signature Lipid Biomarker Analysis for Quantitative Assessment In Situ of Environmental Microbial Ecology

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