Characterization of the movement of polypyrrole–dodecylbenzenesulfonate–perchlorate/tape artificial muscles. Faradaic control of reactive artificial molecular motors and muscles

Valero, Laura; Arias‐Pardilla, J.; Cauich-Rodríguez, Juan Valerio; Smit, Mascha A.; Otero, Toribio F.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.058

Cited by 68 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…42 12.1.1 Dual Sensing-Actuators: Sensing and Tactile Artificial Muscles. Equation (17) states that the evolution of the muscle potential during actuation is affected, as obtained empirically 26,108,121,122,124,[129][130][131][132][133] by the electrolyte concentration, the temperature, any mechanical variable acting on the volume variation (trailed weights, obstacles, pressure) and frequency. Driven by a constant current, the potential of the muscle (and the consumed electrical energy) during the description of the same angular amplitude every time, that is, from Figs.…”

Section: Artificial Muscles: Polymeric Electrical Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

129

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Electro-generations of conducting polymers are fast processes through a complex mechanism of parallel reactions giving mixed materials. The films are three-dimensional electrochemical reactors: reactive macromolecules, ions, and solvent. The film composition and its related properties reviewed here change by oxidation/reduction along several orders of magnitude under control. One reaction shifts different properties (multifunctionality). In one device several reaction driven tools, actuators and sensor, work simultaneously (full integration

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Section: Artificial Muscles: Polymeric Electrical Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11D, c and c ). 121,123,124 As conclusion, artificial muscles are electrical motors driven by reaction 2 under control of the Faraday's laws.…”

Section: Artificial Muscles: Polymeric Electrical Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

129

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“…for 0.04 poly(3MPy-co-Py)(DBS) À7.8% decrease in charge results in a À35.2% decrease in reversible expansion relative to PPy(DBS)) as should be expected since these are faradaic machines. 87 On the other hand the reversible expansion of poly(3,4DMPy-co-Py)(DBS) increases while the charge decreases with increasing 3,4DMPy fraction. Whereas for poly(3MPy-coPy)(DBS) the reversible expansion decreases whilst the charge is more or less stable with increasing 3MPy fraction.…”

Section: Copolymer Lmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the electro-mechanical performance of polypyrrole through 3- and 3,4-methyl substituted copolymers

2015

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Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole are biocompatible materials used in bioelectronic applications and microactuators for mechanobiology and soft microrobotics. The materials are commonly electrochemically synthesised from an electrolyte solution comprising pyrrole monomers and a salt, which is incorporated as the counter ion. This electrosynthesis results in polypyrrole forming a threedimensional network with extensive cross-linking in both the alpha and beta positions, which impacts the electro-mechanical performance. In this study we adopt a 'blocking strategy' to restrict and control cross-linking and chain branching through beta substitution of the monomer to investigate the effect of crosslinking on the electroactive properties. Methyl groups where used as blocking groups to minimise the impact on the pyrrole ring system. Pyrrole, 3-and 3,4-methyl substituted pyrrole monomers were electro-polymerised both as homo-polymers and as a series of co-polymer films. The electroactive performance of the films was characterised by measuring their electrochemical responses and their reversible and non-reversible film thickness changes. This showed that altering the degree of crosslinking through this blocking strategy had a large impact on the reversible and irreversible volume change. These results elaborate the importance of the polymer structure in the actuator performance, an aspect that has hitherto received little attention.

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“…Devices with prevailing cation exchange can also have the same properties. For example, a pPy-DBSA-ClO 4 -/nonconducting tape bilayer (Valero et al 2011) also presents a linear relationship between angular rate and specific current for devices of different dimensions and weights, indicating that these are general properties of these materials, regardless of the type of material, device or species exchanged. (Fig.…”

Section: Prevailing Cation Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Angular rate measured through a movement of π/4 radians using bilayer muscles of pPy/DBS (interchanging cations) having different dimensions (1.2x2.4; 1.0x1.5; 1.65x0.7, and 1.5x0.8 cm) with different weights, indicated on the figure. R 2 is the square of the correlation coefficient (From (Valero et al 2011), with permission of Elsevier).…”

Section: Prevailing Cation Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Sensing – Actuators Based on Conducting Polymers

Arias‐Pardilla¹,

Otero²,

Martínez³

et al. 2012

Aspects on Fundaments and Applications of Conducting Polymers

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Characterization of the movement of polypyrrole–dodecylbenzenesulfonate–perchlorate/tape artificial muscles. Faradaic control of reactive artificial molecular motors and muscles

Cited by 68 publications

References 43 publications

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Controlling the electro-mechanical performance of polypyrrole through 3- and 3,4-methyl substituted copolymers

Biomimetic Sensing – Actuators Based on Conducting Polymers

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