Biomimetic Sensing – Actuators Based on Conducting Polymers

Arias‐Pardilla, J.; Otero, Toribio F.; Martínez, José G.; Ismail, Yahya A.

doi:10.5772/29348

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…These materials have been used as enzyme immobilizers, DNA biosensors, electronic transducers in biosensors or drug delivery systems among others [37][38][39] . Due to its adaptability and ease of preparation, conducting polymers have been also used as 4 promoters of DET to several redox proteins and, particularly, to cyt c. Polyaniline (PANI) is, probably, the most studied synthetic conducting material, but the lack of electrical conductivity observed at neutral pH hampers its use in biological systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Electron Transfer to Cytochrome c Induced by a Conducting Polymer

et al. 2017

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The direct electron transfer (DET) to redox proteins has become a central topic in the development of biotechnological devices. The present work explores the mechanisms of the direct electrochemistry between cytochrome c and a conducting polymer, PEDOT-PSS. This polymer has been electrosynthesized from its monomers in aqueous solution on gold electrodes and its capabilities for DET to cyt c have been examined by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. The polymer was electrodeposited with controlled thickness and we determined the electron transfer rate constant for cyt c oxidation was about 2 orders of magnitude higher than those obtained at conventional electrodes. Spectroelectrochemical measurements allowed to evaluate the redox state of the polymer as a function of the potential and, in addition, the observation of intrinsic cyt c redox activity upon electron transfer from the conducting polymer. During the oxidation process of this protein, lysine residues placed near the heme crevice interact electrostatically with the anionic polyelectrolyte PSS. This interaction favors the orientation of the heme group towards the chains of PEDOT backbone, which is the eventual responsible for the electron transfer to the protein.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Electron Transfer to Cytochrome c Induced by a Conducting Polymer

et al. 2017

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“…The volume change of the CPs due to the electrochemomechanical reactions pave a way towards their utilization as actuators for artificial muscle applications [129]. The volumetric expansion of a CP in electrolyte is controlled by tuning the applied voltage.…”

Section: Actuators For Artificial Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is yet unavoidable to use a metallic counter electrode in a bilayer actuator. However, it often results in deterioration of the actuating film caused by corrosion of the metal electrode exposed to a harsh environment (i.e., a sudden change in pH and chemical) [129].…”

Section: Actuators For Artificial Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…deterioration of the actuating film caused by corrosion of the metal electrode exposed to a harsh environment (i.e., a sudden change in pH and chemical) [129]. A bilayer actuator bends upon oxidation of the CP: anion-driven swelling results in the CP layer on the concave side (a), whereas cation-driven shrinking results in the CP layer on the convex side when the CP is reduced (b).…”

Section: Actuators For Artificial Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an effort to exclude the metallic counter electrode, a trilayer actuator was developed in which two CP films were attached to double-sided tape [132]. When the trilayer structure is immersed in an electrolyte (Figure 8), two opposite volume changes are produced as one of the CP films undergoes anion-driven swelling, whereas the other film experiences cation-driven shrinking [129]. The main advantage of the CPs, as actuators for artificial muscles, is their low operating voltage (as low as 2~10 V) [133].…”

Section: Actuators For Artificial Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research Progress on Conducting Polymer-Based Biomedical Applications

2019

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Conducting polymers (CPs) have attracted significant attention in a variety of research fields, particularly in biomedical engineering, because of the ease in controlling their morphology, their high chemical and environmental stability, and their biocompatibility, as well as their unique optical and electrical properties. In particular, the electrical properties of CPs can be simply tuned over the full range from insulator to metal via a doping process, such as chemical, electrochemical, charge injection, and photo-doping. Over the past few decades, remarkable progress has been made in biomedical research including biosensors, tissue engineering, artificial muscles, and drug delivery, as CPs have been utilized as a key component in these fields. In this article, we review CPs from the perspective of biomedical engineering. Specifically, representative biomedical applications of CPs are briefly summarized: biosensors, tissue engineering, artificial muscles, and drug delivery. The motivation for use of and the main function of CPs in these fields above are discussed. Finally, we highlight the technical and scientific challenges regarding electrical conductivity, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and the loading capacity of biomolecules that are faced by CPs for future work. This is followed by several strategies to overcome these drawbacks.

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Electroactive Polymer Actuators

Ismail

Shabeeba

Sidheekha

et al. 2023

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Electroactive polymers (EAPs) have emerged as feasible materials to emulate biological muscles due to their ability to undergo significant changes in shape or size in response to electrical stimulation. They have received immense consideration in various fields of applications such as robotics, biomimetics, wearable electronics, prosthetics, optical devices, and so on owing to their mechanical flexibility, easy processing, light weight, low density, fracture tolerance, pliability, and the ability to induce large actuation strains than other conventional mechanically responsive polymers. Electronic EAPs including dielectric elastomers, ferroelectric polymers, liquid crystal elastomers, and electrostrictive graft polymers are driven by electric fields or Coulomb forces and require high voltage for activation. While ionic EAPs such as ionic polymer metal composites, ionic gels, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, and electrorheological fluids are driven by the drifting or diffusion of ions and operate at lower voltages. The emphasis in this article is on the studies of key materials used in the field of electroactive polymer actuators, reviewing the mechanism that drives the actuation, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and discussing their applications.

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Biomimetic Sensing – Actuators Based on Conducting Polymers

Cited by 16 publications

References 138 publications

Direct Electron Transfer to Cytochrome c Induced by a Conducting Polymer

Direct Electron Transfer to Cytochrome c Induced by a Conducting Polymer

Research Progress on Conducting Polymer-Based Biomedical Applications

Electroactive Polymer Actuators

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