Characterization of the intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in the Benue State University Teaching Hospital.

Abstract

Today, intensive care units (ICUs) of most hospitals in developed countries have become separate departments staffed by career intensive care physicians or intensivists from various fields of medicine. In Nigeria, however, ICUs are still part of the anaesthesia department and critical care constitutes a significant part of the workload and responsibilities of anesthetists. This study was carried out to ascertain the types of disease conditions that were brought into the ICU for management at the Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH), interventions undertaken as well as the outcome of such admissions. A total of 125 patients were evaluated. The age bracket between 21 and 30 years recorded the highest figure of 28 accounting for 22.4% of the study population. This was followed by the age bracket between 31 and 40 years with 24 representing 19.2%. The study population was made up of 81 males and 44 females making up 64.8% and 35.2%, respectively. The most frequent conditions occasioning ICU admissions are post laparotomy (24.8%), head injury (18.4%), and burns (11.2%). A total of 289 interventions in various combinations were carried out on these patients. Of these, monitoring of the patients was undertaken 106 times, representing 36.7%. Oxygen therapy followed closely with 102 (35.3%). The lowest number of days spent by patients in the ICU in this study, was 1, while the longest was 35 with a mean of 5.97 days ± 7.76 days. Majority of the patients, 68, were discharged from the ICU to the wards making up 54.4% of the study population. This was closely followed by those that died, 50, accounting for 40.0% of the study population. This study has established that in our ICU, the most common indications for admission were post-laparotomy, head injury and burns. Also, it has been observed that most of the patients underwent haemodynamic monitoring and oxygen therapy. Finally, while most patients admitted were discharged to the wards, a good number also died in the ICU.

Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS): recent updates

“…Intensive care units (ICUs) were established in the mid-1900s [ 1 , 2 ]. With advances in life-saving interventions, survival improved over the past decades, positively impacting a large number of patients [ 1 , 3 , 4 ].…”

“…In 2010, the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) convened an international multistakeholder group that created the term "Post-Intensive Care Syndrome" (PICS). PICS was created with multiple objectives, including: (1) to raise awareness among clinicians, patients/families and the general public, (2) to increase screening for specific impairments occurring after critical illness, (3) to facilitate further research into specific morbidities [4]. More specifically, PICS was defined "as new onset or worsening of impairment(s) in physical, cognitive, and/or mental health that arose after the ICU and persisted beyond hospital discharge" [4].…”

Admission and Mortality Patterns in Intensive Care Delivery at Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital: A Three-Year Retrospective Study

“…Common conditions that are treated in ICUs include severe neurological, cardiac, and respiratory diseases [ 3 ]. A study that characterized the ICU admissions in Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria reported that the most frequent reasons for admissions were post-laparotomy care (24.8%), head injury (18.4%), and burns (11.2%) [ 4 ]. Another study conducted in southeast Nigeria among patients admitted into the ICU of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria similarly reported postoperative cases (49.3%) as the most common reason for ICU admission, and traumatic brain injury as a leading diagnosis (70.9%) among neurosurgical patients [ 5 ].…”