Characterization of suspended particulate matter emitted from waste rice husk as biomass fuel under different combustion conditions

Abstract

There are large quantities of waste rice husk, e.g. around 3 million tons are estimated as biomass waste every year in Japan. Air pollutants emitted from exhaust gases of rice husk incineration lead to very important environmental damage, not only because of the influence on global environment and climate, when released into the atmosphere, but also on human health due to local air pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively utilize waste rice husk and to reduce air pollutants. In recent years, there is an increasing demand on the utilization of unused biomass instead of fossil oil fuel in combustors for farminggreenhouses heating during the winter season. This increase in the demand will increase the running costs. In general, since these combustors are small in size, there is lack of regulations or laws (e.g. the air pollution control act and the waste disposal and public cleaning law) in operation for their air pollution control. So far, small size combustors are characterized by their simplicity of structure and the low costs; therefore, they emit visible black carbon (elemental carbon) due to their poor combustion performance.In this study, we investigated if fossil fuel can be substituted by waste rice husk in laboratory model combustion experiments. We evaluated the emission behavior of harmful air pollutants emitted from rice husk combustion by measuring carbonaceous and ionic composition of suspended particulate matter in the exhaust gases. From the analytical results we found that particulate mass concentrations can be reduced substantially at high temperature combustion. Air Pollution XX 365constituted by Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Cl -, NO 3 -and SO 4 2-which are easily vaporized, followed by homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous condensation of these inorganic vapors. As the results of our study, it can be suggested that we have to ensure stable combustion performance under suitable conditions in order to control less air pollutants emitted from biomass fuel although small size combustors are still not regulated.

Rice Husk Ash Incorporation in Calcium Aluminate Cement Concrete: Life Cycle Assessment, Hydration and Strength Development

“…Christopher et al [55] reported a similar trend. Furthermore, Noaman et al [46] reported that the maximum tensile capacity occurred at the W/C of 0.5 in the specimen with 10% RHA. Considering the above, the pozzolanic features of RHA together with its filler role improves the tensile capacity.…”

“…al. [46]. RHA was considered as the final output, and according to previous studies [20,25,32,34], it was used in concrete as a partial replacement of cement.…”

Recovery briquetting technologies of waste biomass and pyrolyzed waste char produced from solid industrial and agricultural organic wastes

“…From the above experiments, it was suggested that the reduction in the emissions of sulfur and chlorine contents [10] the combustion excretions could be achieved by carrying out combustion control with the help of char-biomass briquetting method. Based on the results of this study, more basic experiments have been carried out and different technologies were developed to control air pollutants emitted from biomass fuel, which were also reported in the 4th International Conference on Energy and Sustainability [11,12].…”

Reduction of fine particles exhausted from small-size combustor using agricultural waste residue by controlling burning temperatures

“…As mentioned above, the behavior of harmful air pollutants emitted from rice husk and straw combustion were investigated by measuring carbonaceous and ionic composition of suspended particulate matter in PM 2.5 and the exhaust gases. It will be appreciated if the information of this study can be useful for production and application of small-size combustors [16] by using waste rice husk and straw or other biomass as fuel. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from rice husk and straw combustion will be analyzed in further study to reduce the harmful air pollutants effectively.…”