Analytical data for minor and trace elements published or communicated to us, on seventeen GSJ (Geological Survey of Japan) reference samples, “Igneous rock series” received up to April 1994 are compiled. The data were evaluated statistically in consideration of analytical methods. Based on the selected available data, 1994 recommended and proposed values for 65 minor and trace elements are presented.

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Analytical data compiled on nine Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) reference samples, "Sedimentary rock series" received by February 1996 are reported. After excluding outliers and examining critically the analytical plmredures employed, the data were evaluated statistically. Recommended or preferable values for f i major and sixty minor and trace elements are Proposed.The Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) has issued 31 rock reference samples for the analysis of major, minor and trace elements, isotopic compositions and isotopic ages. The reference samples fall into three series: seventeen samples of "Igneous rock series" (1-3). nine samples of "Sedimentary rock series" (4) and five samples of "Instrumental analysis series'' (5-6).The samples of "Sedimentary rock series" are Lake sediment JLk-1, Limestone JLs-1, Dolomite JDo-1. Slate JSl-1 and JS1-2, Stream sediments JSd-1, JSd-2 and JSd-3 and Chert JCh-1 which were issued from 1987 to 1989. Preliminary compilation of analytical data of the three samples, JLk-1, JLs-1 and -1 were reported in 1990 (7). After the compilation, the data for selected elements such as Ag, Au, Pd, Pt (8) and Sc, Y, Zr, Hf and rare earth elements (9) have been published. However, a comprehensive compilation of major, minor and trace elements has not been published.

Analytical data for five GSJ (Geological Survey of Japan) reference samples, the “Instrumental analysis series” received by October 1998, are compiled. The data reported in publications and personal communications were evaluated statistically, taking into account the analytical method and sample preparation. Based on the selected available data, recommended and preferred values for fourteen major and fifty one minor and trace elements are proposed.

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The activity inducing chromosomal aberrations of the mixture of brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs) was approximately three times higher than that of the chlorinated counterparts for the same hypohalous acid dose. With the combination of chromosomal aberration test and a new analytical technique to differentiate total organic chlorine (TOCl) and total organic bromine (TOBr), it was found that TOBr was correlated to the mutagenicity of chlorinated waters. It was also implied that for a bromide-to-TOC ratio of 0.1 (mg/mg C), brominated DBPs could account for at least 29% of the total toxicity of DBPs formed during chlorination. On the other hand, bromate ion, a major ozonation DBP, was not a major contributor to the activity inducing chromosomal aberrations of the water treated with an ozone/chlorine sequential process. Therefore, ozonation is one possible option to reduce the health risk caused by DBPs even in the presence of bromide.

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Nine new rock reference samples of the “Sedimentary rock series”, Chert JCh‐1, Dolomite JDo‐1, Lake sediment JLk‐1, Limestone JLs‐1, Stream sediments JSd‐1 to JSd‐3, and Slates JS1‐1 and JSl‐2 have been prepared by the Geological Survey of Japan(GSJ). Thirty major, minor and trace elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry, flame emission spectrometry, infrared absorption spectrometry and wet chemical techniques. The results of homogeneity tests showed that almost all elements, with a few exceptions, are considered to be distributed homogeneously in each reference sample.