Characterization of peanut phytochromes and their possible regulating roles in early peanut pod development

Abstract

Arachis hypogaea L. geocarpy is a unique feature different from other legume plants. Flowering and fertilization occur above ground, while the following processes of pod formation and development proceed in the soil. The zygote divides only few times to develop into pre-embryo and then further embryo developmental process stops when the gynoecium is exposed to light condition or normal day/night period. In this study, eight phytochrome genes were identified in two wild peanuts (four in Arachis duranensis and four in Arachis ipaensis). Using RACE and homologous cloning, the full CDS of AhphyA, AhphyA-like, AhphyB and AhphyE were acquired in cultivated peanut. Protein structure analysis showed that the conservative coding domains of phytochromes from a number of other plant species were found in these proteins. The C-terminal of AhphyA, AhphyA-like and AhphyB could interact with phytochrome-interacting factor 3 in vitro. The expression patterns of these genes in various tissues were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and significant differences were observed. Interestingly, the expression levels of AhphyA-like changed significantly during gynophore growth and early pod development. Furthermore, protein accumulation patterns of AhphyA and AhphyB in gynophore were different during early pod development stages in that AhphyA and AhphyB proteins were not detected in S1 and S2 gynophores, while significant accumulation of AhphyA and AhphyB were detected in S3 gynophore. These results provided evidence that phytochromes mediated light signal transduction may play key roles in peanut geocarpy development.

Defining the function of SUMO system in pod development and abiotic stresses in Peanut

“…The gravitropic growth of the peanut gynophore is one of the most critical characteristics for peanut fructification, in which the peg, a specialized organ that transitions from upward growth habit to downward outgrowth upon fertilization, drives the developing pod into the soil for subsequent development underground [37,61,62]. It is still unknown why the aerially developing pod cannot swell normally as compared to that penetrate into soil, although a series of studies attempt to reveal this phenomenon through transcriptomics and proteomics [37,61,63].…”

“…6). It was thought that the elongation and swollen of the peanut peg was affected by auxin, gibberellin, and other phytohormones [35,62,64]. On the other hand, assessment of the SUMOylome revealed that SUMOylation participates in the transport and signaling of plant hormone (auxin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid).…”

Molecular Characterization and Expression Patterns of the HkSVP Gene Reveal Distinct Roles in Inflorescence Structure and Floral Organ Development in Hemerocallis fulva

“…Each sample had three biological replicates, while had three technical replicates for each biological replicate. The cycle threshold 2 − △△Ct based method was used to calculate the relative gene expression [ 45 ].…”

Biological peculiarities and cultivation of groundnut (a review)

“…Гены семейства фитохромов идентифицированы у двух диких видов арахиса: четыре у A. duranensis и четыре у A. ipaensis (Zhang et al, 2018). Авторами сделано заключение, что опосредованная фитохромами трансдукция светового сигнала может играть ключевую роль в развитии гинофора арахиса.…”