Characterization of Limestone as Raw Material to Hydrated Lime

Abstract

In Malaysia, limestone is essentially important for the economic growth as raw materials in the industry sector. Nevertheless, a little attention was paid to the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and morphological properties of the limestone using X-ray fluorescence (X-RF), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy / energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) respectively. Raw materials (limestone rocks) were collected from Bukit Keteri area, Chuping, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. Lab crusher and lab sieved were utilized to prepare five different size of ground limestone at (75 µm, 150 µm, 225 µm, 300, and 425 µm) respectively. It is found that the main chemical composition of bulk limestone was Calcium oxide (CaO) at 97.58 wt.% and trace amount of MnO, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 at 0.02%, 0.35%, and 0.396% respectively. XRD diffractograms showed characteristic peaks of calcite and quartz. Furthermore, main FTIR absorption bands at 1,419, 874.08 and 712.20 cm-1 indicated the presence of calcite. The micrographs showed clearly the difference of samples particle size. Furthermore, EDS peaks of Ca, O, and C elements confirmed the presence of CaCO3 in the samples.

Study lime-based mortars with added silica fume and bioproducts for restoration and preservation of heritage buildings

“…On the other hand, the samples where silica fume was used presented higher values of the ratio between the bands (RESB and REFSE) or no longer presented the presence of the band referring to calcium hydroxide (REFS). This difference between the samples with and without silica fume can be explained by the chemical reaction that occurs between calcium hydroxide and silica, Si0 2(s) + + = n1 CaO•Si0 2 n2 H 2 0 (s) 14 . Therefore, for the samples with silica fume, in addition to the carbonation process, this reaction contributes to the decrease in the concentration of calcium hydroxide, which is re ected in a smaller area of the band at 3643 cm -1 .…”

Lime-based mortars with added silica fume and bioproducts for restoration and preservation of heritage buildings

“…The bands at 713, 874, 1454, and 1794 cm −1 are related to the presence of calcite and can be attributed, respectively, to the vibrational modes: δ d (OCO), o γ(CO 3 ), ν(C-O), and ν(C = O) 1–3 . In addition to these, the band at 2513 cm −1 , attributed to the stretching of ions, can also be related to calcite CIZER et al [ 13 ], HWIDI et al [ 17 ]. The bands at 3643 and 3429 cm −1 are attributed to ν(OH), due to the presence of Ca(OH) 2 and hydration water molecules, respectively Cizer et al [ 13 ], Roschat et al [ 26 ].…”

Effect of organic substrate thickness on synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment

“…Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur (CHNS) analysis (Perkin Almer Series II CHNS/O Analyzer 2400) and SEM-EDX (Gemini-Zeiss SUPRA 35VP and EDAX AMETEK-Z2) were used to characterise the peat soil's primary composition. After being ground in a ring mill, the materials were sieved to produce four different particle sizes (425 m, 300 m, 225 m, 150 m, and 75 m) [12]. The -75 m depth was chosen for the collection of the particulate sample for CHNS and SEM-EDX.…”