Characterization of galactooligosaccharides derived from lactulose

Galacto-oligosaccharides Derived from Lactulose Exert a Selective Stimulation on the Growth of Bifidobacterium animalis in the Large Intestine of Growing Rats

“…18,19 The bifidogenic effect of GOS-Lu was exerted at moderate and rational doses (1%, w/ w). This fact could be very advantageous to avoid possible side effects, such as intestinal discomfort from gas production, abdominal disorders, and diarrhea, after prebiotic intake at higher doses, compromising its potential prebiotic effect.…”

“…16,17 A detailed characterization of oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization (DP) of 7, obtained by transgalactosylation reactions of lactulose by using β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae, has been previously reported. 18 Recent studies have demonstrated the extraordinary resistance of GOS-Lu to gastric acid and hydrolysis by digestive enzymes, being significantly higher than that observed for the traditional GOS-La. 19 The low ileal digestibility of GOS-Lu was due to the greater resistance of galactosyl-fructoses to mammalian digestive enzymes as compared to galactosylglucoses, which were mainly present in GOS-La, highlighting the key role played by the monomer composition and linkage type involved in the oligosaccharide chain.…”

Stability of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose during the processing of milk and apple juice

“…Lactulose (4-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructose) is a lactose derived carbohydrate, resistant to hydrolysis by enzymes of the small intestine and can reach the proximal colon where it is selectively fermented by bifidobacteria and lactobacilli resulting in the production of carbon dioxide, hydrogen and short-chain fatty acids (Olano & Corzo, 2009). On the basis of the fact that lactulose does not reach the distal region of the colon, our research group obtained and exhaustively characterized oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (OsLu) with a degree of polymerization P 3 (Cardelle-Cobas, Corzo, MartinezVillaluenga, Olano, & Villamiel, 2011;Hernandez-Hernandez, Montanes, Clemente, Moreno, & Sanz, 2011;Martinez-Villaluenga et al, 2008). These compounds, due to their larger size, might be fermented in the distal portions of the gut and, thus, exert their beneficial effects there (Moreno, Montilla, Villamiel, Corzo, & Olano, 2014).…”

Quality control of sweet medicines based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

“…All of these oximes derivatives produce two peaks corresponding to the syn (E) and anti (Z) forms per reducing sugar and applicable to aldoses, ketoses and alditols (except aldononitrile acetates). As relative simple chromatograms are achieved, these derivatives have also been adopted for carbohydrate analysis in complex mixtures (30)(31)(32)(33). The comparison of single-step derivatization trimethylsilylation and two-step approaches including ethoximation-trimethylsilylation (EO-TMS), ethoximation-trifluoroacetylation (EO-TFA), benzoximation-trimethylsilylation (BO-TMS) and benzoximation-trifluoroacetylation (BO-TFA) have been comprehensively studied for derivatization of aldoses and ketoses with regard to chromatographic characteristics.…”