Characterization of florfenicol resistance genes in the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates and genomic features of a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus lentus strain H29

Abstract

Background With the wide use of florfenicol to prevent and treat the bacterial infection of domestic animals, the emergence of the florfenicol resistance bacteria is increasingly serious. It is very important to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the bacteria’s resistance to florfenicol. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels were determined by the agar dilution method, and polymerase chain reaction was conducted to analyze the distribution of florfenicol resistance genes in 39 CoNS strains isolated from poultry and livestock animals and seafood. The whole genome sequence of one multidrug resistant strain, Staphylococcus lentus H29, was characterized, and comparative genomics analysis of the resistance gene-related sequences was also performed. Results As a result, the isolates from the animals showed a higher resistance rate (23/28, 82.1%) and much higher MIC levels to florfenicol than those from seafood. Twenty-seven animal isolates carried 37 florfenicol resistance genes (including 26 fexA, 6 cfr and 5 fexB genes) with one carrying a cfr gene, 16 each harboring a fexA gene, 5 with both a fexA gene and a fexB gene and the other 5 with both a fexA gene and a cfr gene. On the other hand, all 11 isolates from seafood were sensitive to florfenicol, and only 3 carried a fexA gene each. The whole genome sequence of S. lentus H29 was composed of a chromosome and two plasmids (pH29-46, pH29-26) and harbored 11 resistance genes, including 6 genes [cfr, fexA, ant(6)-Ia, aacA-aphD, mecA and mph(C)] encoded on the chromosome, 4 genes [cfr, fexA, aacA-aphD and tcaA] on pH29-46 and 1 gene (fosD) on pH29-26. We found that the S. lentus H29 genome carried two identical copies of the gene arrays of radC-tnpABC-hp-fexA (5671 bp) and IS256-cfr (2690 bp), of which one copy of the two gene arrays was encoded on plasmid pH29-46, while the other was encoded on the chromosome. Conclusions The current study revealed the wide distribution of florfenicol resistance genes (cfr, fexA and fexB) in animal bacteria, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that one S. lentus strain carried two identical copies of florfenicol resistance-related gene arrays.

Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Healthy Poultry Slaughtered for Human Consumption

“…This species is considered an animal pathogen and has been detected among livestock, pets, wild animals and retail meats [13,16,34,35]. Nevertheless, S. lentus has also been responsible for a wide range of human infections and its clinical relevance seems to be increasing [36]. S. urealyticus was the second most common CoNS species found in poultry and it was mostly detected in quail samples.…”

“…PEN 11 , FOX 4 , CIP 11 , CN 2 , TOB 14 , KAN 9 , ERY 35 , CD 36 , TET 25 , C 4 , FD 12 , SXT 6 mecA 36 , ermA 8 , ermB 8 , ermC 28 , mphC 29 , aph(3 )-IIIa 9 , ant(4 )-Ia 12 , str 2 , tetL 19 , tetK 14 , tetO 1 , tetM 2 , cat p194 1 , dfrK 6 , dfrD 2 S. urealyticus 21 PEN 21 , FOX 18 , CIP 3 , CN 4 , TOB 6 , KAN 5 , ERY 21 , CD 21 , TET 21 , C 3 , FD 17…”

“…mecA 36 , ermA 8 , ermB 8 , ermC 28 , mphC 29 , aph(3′)-IIIa 9 , ant(4′)-Ia 12 , str 2 , tetL 19 , tetK 14 , tetO 1 , tetM 2 , catp194 1 , dfrK 6 , dfrD 2 S. urealyticus 21 PEN 21 , FOX 18 , CIP 3 , CN 4 , TOB 6 , KAN 5 , ERY 21 , CD 21 , TET 21 , C 3 , FD 17 mecA 21 , ermA 1 , ermB 7 , ermC 19 , mphC 16 , aph(3′)-IIIa 5 , ant(4′)-Ia 2 , str 2 , tetL 17 , tetK 18 , tetO 13 , tetM 4 S. sciuri 15 PEN 14 , FOX 6 , LNZ 1 , CIP 3 , TOB 8 , KAN 4 , ERY 14 , CD 14 , TET 15 , C 2 , FD 10 , SXT 2 mecA 15 , cfr 1 , ermB 9 , ermC 7 , mphC 9 , aph(3′)-IIIa 3 , ant(4′)-Ia 7 , str 1 , tetL 11 , tetK 12 , tetO 2 , tetM 3 , dfrK…”

Comparison of the Effect Aqueous Extract and Nano-Sidr Synthetic of Leaves Ziziphus Spina-christi with Silver Nanoparticles the on Biofilm of Local Isolates of Staphylococcus. Spp

“…6 (AB), showed that the average diameters of the nanoparticles were 4553. nm and that 10% of the particles had diameters of 40.00 nm, while 50% had diameters of 50.00 nm, while 90% Their diameters were 60.00 nm, and the same figure represents a miniature table of the diameters and size of those nanoparticles whose diameter ranged between (30-65) nm and a description of the accumulation of these nanoparticles, which were clarified in a graph representing the relationship between the diameter of the nanoparticle and the percentage represented by the cumulative distribution of the particles As shown in Figs. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7), the shape of silver nanoparticles is shown, as the homogeneous structure of the nanoparticles is clear, and how the nanoparticles are lined up in one line side by side in an orderly, visible three dimensional manner. As for Fig.…”

“…If it produces secondary metabolic compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and other medically important secondary compounds, especially in the leaves of the tree [3]. Also, the synthetic silver nanoparticles AgNPs nanoparticles are considered a promising generation of antibiotics, as these particles have activity against cancer cells and bacteria, as they are used against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria [4] [5]. These particles are considered to have an inhibitory effect on bacteria, especially those bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, this resistance was considered a major health problem [6].…”