Characterization of decellularized ovine small intestine submucosal layer as extracellular matrix‐based scaffold for tissue engineering

Abstract

Extracellular matrix-based scaffolds derived from mammalian tissues have been used in tissue engineering applications. Among all the tissues, decellularized small intestine submucosal layer (SIS) has been recently investigated for its exceptional characteristics and biocompatibilities. These investigations have been mainly focused on the decellularized porcine SIS; however, there has not been any report on ovine SIS (OSIS) layer. In this study, OSIS was decellularized and its physical, chemical, and morphological properties were evaluated. Decellularization was carried out using chemical reagents and various physical conditions. The effects of different conditions were evaluated on histological and biomechanical properties, quality of residual DNA, GAPDH gene expression, and biocompatibility. Results revealed satisfactory decellularization of OSIS which could be due to its thin thickness. Mechanical properties, structural form, and glycosaminoglycan contents were preserved in all the decellularized groups. In SDS-treated groups, further cells and DNA residues were removed compared to the groups treated with Triton X-100 only. No toxicity was observed in all treatments, and viability, expansion, and cell proliferation were supported. In conclusion, our results suggest that OSIS decellularized scaffold could be considered as an appropriate biological scaffold for tissue engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 933-944, 2018.

Critical‐sized full‐thickness skin defect regeneration using ovine small intestinal submucosa with or without mesenchymal stem cells in rat model

“…The samples were immersed in serum normal saline for 48 h before being cut longitudinally into 10 cm pieces. The tunica mucosa was removed by erosion using wet gauze, the external tunica, muscularis, and serosa layers were then removed using a very thin knife …”

“…Decellularized ECM‐based scaffolds are derived from various species (i.e., ovine, bovine, human, and porcine) and various tissue types (i.e., dermis, pericardium, small intestine, submucosal layer . Acellular small intestine submucosal layer (SIS) has received significant attention as biological scaffolds for treating partial and full‐thickness wounds since they act as the actual dermal substitutes .…”

“…The SIS ECM components vary based on the age and species of animals as well as the decellularization method which can change or remove some of these components . We introduced OSIS ECM‐based scaffold that has many superior properties, such as less thickness, different GAG content and mechanical strength compared to other ECM‐based scaffolds …”

“…10,11 Decellularized ECM-based scaffolds are derived from various species (i.e., ovine, bovine, human, and porcine) and various tissue types (i.e., dermis, pericardium, small intestine, submucosal layer. 12,13 Acellular small intestine submucosal layer (SIS) has received significant attention as biological scaffolds for treating partial and full-thickness wounds since they act as the actual dermal substitutes. 14 However, SIS is mostly harvested from the jejunum which consists of 90% water and at dry state is composed of >90% collagen, mainly collagen type I, and the remnant consists of other collagen types (III, IV, V, VI) and other ECM components (fibronectin, glycosaminoglycan, and laminin).…”

“…16 We introduced OSIS ECM-based scaffold that has many superior properties, such as less thickness, different GAG content and mechanical strength compared to other ECMbased scaffolds. 13 The development of cell-based therapies, especially those using stem cells, for improving survival and the therapeutic effect of skin grafts, have been recently emerged as a new approach. 17 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in skin regeneration or wound healing by migrating to the wound site, managing the antiinflammatory activity and increasing cell migration during inflammation as well as epithelial cells proliferation and regeneration.…”