Characterization of Chloroplast Genomes From Two Salvia Medicinal Plants and Gene Transfer Among Their Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genomes

Abstract

Salvia species have been widely used as medicinal plants and have played an important role in the treatment and recovery of individuals with COVID-19. In this study, we reported two newly identified whole chloroplast genome sequences of Salvia medicinal plants (Salvia yangii and Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba) and compared them with those of seven other reported Salvia chloroplast genomes. These were proven to be highly similar in terms of overall size, genome structure, gene content, and gene order. We identified 10 mutation hot spots (trnK-rps16, atpH-atpI, psaA-ycf3, ndhC-trnV, ndhF, rpl32-trnL, ndhG-ndhI, rps15-ycf1, ycf1a, and ycf1b) as candidate DNA barcodes for Salvia. Additionally, we observed the transfer of nine large-sized chloroplast genome fragments, with a total size of 49,895 bp (accounting for 32.97% of the chloroplast genome), into the mitochondrial genome as they shared >97% sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analyses of the whole chloroplast genome provided a high resolution of Salvia. This study will pave the way for the identification and breeding of Salvia medicinal plants and further phylogenetic evolutionary research on them as well.

Comparative analysis of the complete plastid genomes of Mangifera species and gene transfer between plastid and mitochondrial genomes

“…1 ) ( Liang et al, 2019 ; Song et al, 2019 ). A search for nucleotide substitutions identified 638 variable sites (0.40%) in the five chloroplast genomes, including 489 parsimony-informative sites (0.31%), this number is smaller than other genus species ( Gao et al., 2020 ; Nguyen et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Fifteen intact chloroplast genes ( rps19, rpl2, rpl23, petN, rbcL, accD, psbJ, psbL, psbF, psbE, petL, petG, psaA, atpA, cemA ), four tRNAs ( trnI-CAU, trnC-GCA, trnW-CCA, trnP-UGG ) and numerous partial genes and intergenic spacer regions were identified. There are many of these genes transferred from mitochondria to the chloroplast in other species genomes, such as rps12, rpl23, rbcL, petL, petG, trnW-CCA and trnP-UGG ( Gao et al., 2020 ; Gui et al, 2016 ).…”

Challenges in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants DNA Barcoding—Lessons from the Lamiaceae

“…The genushas health-healing properties such as antiseptic, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anticholinesterase and anti-inflammatory characteristics [ 274 ]. Different parts of the Salvia plant such as leaves, flowers, roots and seeds may be used for their health benefits and have played an important role in the treatment and recovery of individuals with COVID-19 [ 275 ].…”

“…In a recent study, DNA barcoding was coupled with chemical analysis by LC-MS profiling and this dual approach proved to be a powerful tool in identification of taxonomically close Salvia species [ 296 ]. High-throughput sequencing of chloroplast genomes has also been successfully used for discrimination of species within the genus [ 275 ]. Multiple approaches have been tested so far for the authentication of economically important species in Salvia ; however, there is still a need to develop quick and simple identification techniques.…”

Peer Review #3 of "Comparative analysis of the complete plastid genomes of Mangifera species and gene transfer between plastid and mitochondrial genomes (v0.1)"

“…Fifteen intact chloroplast genes (rps19, rpl2, rpl23, PeerJ reviewing PDF | ( 2020:08:51712:2:0:NEW 18 Dec 2020) Manuscript to be reviewed petN, rbcL, accD, psbJ, psbL, psbF, psbE, petL, petG, psaA, atpA, cemA ), four tRNAs (trnI-CAU, trnC-GCA, trnW-CCA, trnP-UGG) and numerous partial genes and intergenic spacer regions were identified. There are many of these genes transferred from mitochondria to the chloroplast in other species genomes, such as rps12, rpl23, rbcL, petL, petG, trnW-CCA and trnP-UGG (Gao et al 2020;Gui et al 2016).…”