Characterization of c-Maf+Foxp3− Regulatory T Cells Induced by Repeated Stimulation of Antigen-Presenting B Cells

Abstract

The role of B cells in the development of CD4+ regulatory T cells has been emphasized recently. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the antigen-presenting splenic B cells converted naïve CD4+CD25− T cells into CD4+CD25+Foxp3− T cells without additional cytokines or chemicals with regulatory activity and that referred to as Treg-of-B cells. The present study further showed that Treg-of-B cells increased the IL-10-producing population, and the expression of c-Maf, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) as well as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) after repeated stimulation of B cells in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Long-term cultured Treg-of-B cells exerted IL-10 and CTLA4-mediated antigen-specific suppressive activity; moreover, the single antigen-specific Treg-of-B cells inhibited in a non-antigen-specific fashion. In conclusion, these results suggest that repeated stimulation of B cells induced IL-10-producing CD4+Foxp3− regulatory T cells in a contact-dependent manner and these Treg-of-B cells possess IL-10 and CTLA4-dependent suppressive function.

Scalable synthesis of two-dimensional antimony telluride nanoplates down to a single quintuple layer

“…[13][14][15] While carrier conduction along the surface states is spin-polarized and protected by time-reversal symmetry, TIs potentially enable low-dissipative spintronics and quantum computing. [17][18][19] Motivated by the potential advantages, we reported the synthesis and electrical characteristics of Bi 2 Se 3 nanoplates (NPs) and nanoribbons. [17][18][19] Motivated by the potential advantages, we reported the synthesis and electrical characteristics of Bi 2 Se 3 nanoplates (NPs) and nanoribbons.…”

Regulatory B cells: Development, phenotypes, functions, and role in transplantation

“…109 In turn, Tregs were able to induce the expansion of IL-10-producing B cells through reciprocal interactions with the same two molecules. 15 These induced Tregs were characterized by the expression of IL-10, cMaf, T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), and cytotoxic T lymphocytes-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4). 110 Human Bregs have been shown to increase Foxp3 and CTLA-4 expression in Tregs, suggesting that Bregs contribute to the maintenance of self-tolerance.…”

“…109 promoting Treg expansion. 15 Finally, Blair and colleagues identified a subpopulation of B cells that when stimulated through CD40 produced high levels of IL-10 and were capable of modulating the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α on T lymphocytes. 111 In a similar in vitro culture system, OVApulsed murine B cells have been able to induce OVA-specific and non-specific Tregs through cell-cell contact.…”

“…111 In a similar in vitro culture system, OVApulsed murine B cells have been able to induce OVA-specific and non-specific Tregs through cell-cell contact. 15 These induced Tregs were characterized by the expression of IL-10, cMaf, T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), and cytotoxic T lymphocytes-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4). 15 Finally, Blair and colleagues identified a subpopulation of B cells that when stimulated through CD40 produced high levels of IL-10 and were capable of modulating the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α on T lymphocytes.…”

“…15 These induced Tregs were characterized by the expression of IL-10, cMaf, T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), and cytotoxic T lymphocytes-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4). 15 Finally, Blair and colleagues identified a subpopulation of B cells that when stimulated through CD40 produced high levels of IL-10 and were capable of modulating the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α on T lymphocytes. These B cells were capable of generating Foxp3 + regulatory T cells from naive T cells, and inducing anergy and apoptosis of effector T cells in a way that was dependent on IL-10 and CD80 and CD86, but independent of TGF-β.…”