Regulatory B cells: Development, phenotypes, functions, and role in transplantation

Alhabbab, Rowa Yousef; Nova‐Lamperti, Estefania; Aravena, Octavio; Burton, Hannah; Lechler, Robert I.; Dorling, Anthony; Lombardi, Giovanna

doi:10.1111/imr.12800

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…It has been shown, for instance, that Bregs can suppress animal models of autoimmunity, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) ( 2 ), collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) ( 3 ), and spontaneous colitis ( 4 ). Bregs have also been proved to modulate allergy ( 5 ), transplantation ( 6 ), cancer ( 7 ), infections ( 8 ), and chronic metabolic diseases ( 9 ). Initial studies in the early 2000s attributed this immunomodulation to IL-10, which became the hallmark of Breg suppression ( 4 , 10 , 11 ); however, this notion has lately expanded as new Breg-derived suppressive mediators have been discovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells

et al. 2021

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Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells

et al. 2021

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“…In addition to B cells, follicular B cells, macrophages, and plasma cells are components of ELSs (66). ELSs were also found in experimental models (45,119,120). In IRBP TCR transgenic R161H mice, approximately 40% of mice developed ELSs.…”

Section: B Cells Constitute Elssmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Various Roles and Participation Levels of B-Cells in Non-Infectious Uveitis

Zhu

Chen

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Non-infectious uveitis is an inflammatory disorder of the eye that accounts for severe visual loss without evident infectious agents. While T cells are supposed to dominate the induction of inflammation in non-infectious uveitis, the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of this disease is obscure. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss diverse B-cell participation in different non-infectious uveitides and their roles in the pathogenesis of this disease as well as the mechanism of action of rituximab. Increasing evidence from experimental models and human non-infectious uveitis has suggested the participation of B cells in non-infectious uveitis. The participation levels vary in different uveitides. Furthermore, B cells play multiple roles in the pathogenic mechanisms. B cells produce autoantibodies, regulate T cell responses via antibody-independent functions, and constitute ectopic lymphoid structures. Regulatory B cells perform pivotal anti-inflammatory functions in non-infectious uveitis. Rituximab may work by depleting pro-inflammatory B cells and restoring the quantity and function of regulatory B cells in this disease. Identifying the levels of B-cell participation and the associated roles is beneficial for optimizing therapy. Diversified experimental model choices and emerging tools and/or methods are conducive for future studies on this topic.

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“…Вважається, що продукування специфічних антитіл плазматичними клітинами лежить в основі набутої резистентності макроорганізму до більшості патогенних мікроорганізмів. Також активовані В-клітини відіграють важливу регуляторну роль у тонкому налаштуванні функціонування імунної системи [3,26,65].…”

Section: коротка характеристика B-клітинunclassified

Роль Дендритных И B-Клеток В Развитии Метавоспаления Жировой Ткани При Ожирении

Абатуров¹,

Никулина²

2021

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The literature review presents modern data on the spectrum of functional capabilities of the main dendritic cells and B-lymphocytes in the development of metainflammation of adipose tissue in obesity. Dendritic cells functionally link innate and adaptive immunity. The functioning of a subpopulation of professional antigen-presenting lymphocytes — dendritic cells determines the processing, antigen presentation, the canalization of cytodifferentiation of naive T-cells, the activation of B-lymphocytes and specific antibody response. The activation of dendritic cells in adipose tissue is largely due to the interaction of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 of their cytoplasmic membrane with free fatty acids, the excess of which accompanies the process of obesity. Obesity against the background of experimental dendritic cell depletion in adipose tissue is accompanied by a low level of infiltration by proinflammatory macrophages of both adipose and liver tissue in combination with a higher level of insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. The data on the possibility of primary activation of the adaptive immune system in some special clusters of visceral adipose tissue are presented: the lymphoid cluster associated with adipose tissue and milky spots. Activated B-cells perform the function of antigen presentation and antibody formation in the development of the immune response and play an important regulatory role in fine tuning the functioning of the immune system. Thus, the data of most studies indicate that in the development of obesity, dendritic cells, in general, contribute to the development of metainflammation. Obesity leads to accumulation of B-2 cells in adipose tissue, more active production of B-cell-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the generation of IgG, which recruits macrophages into adipose tissue. However, numerous questions about the regulation of recruiting, activation of dendritic cells and B-cells in the development of obesity remain unclear. In particular, factors are unknown that recruit tolerogenic dendritic and Breg cells, the mechanisms of regulation of their recruitment to different depots of adipose tissue and the possibility of activating these cells, triggers of the synthesis of protective IgM antibodies. Antigens involved in the activation of the adaptive immune system in the development of obesity also remain unknown.

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Regulatory B cells: Development, phenotypes, functions, and role in transplantation

Cited by 53 publications

References 149 publications

Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells

Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells

A Review of the Various Roles and Participation Levels of B-Cells in Non-Infectious Uveitis

Роль Дендритных И B-Клеток В Развитии Метавоспаления Жировой Ткани При Ожирении

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