Characterization of bacteriophages used in the Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage-typing scheme

Abstract

The 16 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) typing phages (SETPs) used in the Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (Health Protection Agency, London, UK) phage-typing scheme have not previously been characterized in detail. We have examined the adsorption properties of the phages with respect to a number of S. enterica serovars and defined phage morphology with electron microscopy. PFGE was used to estimate overall genome size and banding patterns generated by electrophoresis following restriction endonuclease digestion of the genome with HindIII were compared. PCR amplification and sequencing of selected genes was performed. The 16 phages comprise three morphotypes, Podoviridae (SETP1, 8, 10, 14, 15 and 16), Siphoviridae (SETP3, 5, 7, 11, 12 and 13) and Myoviridae (SETP2, 4, 6 and 9). All Podoviridae and Siphoviridae, but not Myoviridae, adsorbed to the O12 lipopolysaccharide antigen of Salmonella serogroups B (4,12) and D 1 (9,12). The genome sizes for the Podoviridae and Siphoviridae (PFGE-A) were approximately 42 kb. The genome size for Myoviridae SETP2, 4 and 9 was 36.5 kb, and for myovirus SETP6 was 27 kb. HindIII digestion of phage DNA produced 9 distinct patterns of 8 to 11 bands. Relationships between phages based on digest patterns were consistent with those defined by morphology. The Podoviridae had homologues of several P22 genes while the Siphoviridae had homologues of several genes present in the sequenced siphovirus SETP3 (EF177456). This study represents an initial step in characterizing the molecular basis that underlies the widely used S. Enteritidis typing scheme.

A Multivalent Adsorption Apparatus Explains the Broad Host Range of Phage phi92: a Comprehensive Genomic and Structural Analysis

“…The 19 tested serovars were infected with similar efficiencies, strongly suggesting that phi92 infection does not depend on a particular O-antigen (Table 3). Whereas phi92 formed clear plaques on E. coli, phi92 infection of Salmonella strains resulted in opaque lysis (ol), a lysis pattern which has been previously described for several myoviruses (17). Phage PVP-SE1, the closest relative of phi92, has been shown to infect many Salmonella strains as well as several E. coli strains (62).…”

“…In spot 9 of the 2-DE gel, the phi92 proteins gp123 and gp135 were identified together with LamB (maltoporin) from E. coli. Spots 6,12,14,15,16,17,21, and 25 (underscored and italicized in Fig. 3C) contained the outer membrane proteins OmpA, OmpC, and OmpW.…”

Bacteriophage PPST1 Isolated from Hospital Wastewater, A Potential Therapeutic Agent Against Drug Resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi

“…From previous studies, Salmonella bacteriophages were found to be heterogeneous, comprising all of the three families of tailed bacteriophages, including Siphoviridae, Myoviridae and Podoviridae (Demczuk et al, 2004;McLaughlin, 2006;De Lappe et al, 2009). The criteria commonly used for the classification of bacteriophages to a particular group are bacteriophage genetic and morphological characteristics.…”

Characterization of the ELPhiS Prophage from Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strain LK5

“…Several phage types (PT) of S. Enteritidis are prevalent worldwide and are distinguished by their sensitivity to a defined set of lytic phage (15). The predominant phage type found in S. Enteritidis outbreaks in Great Britain has been PT4 (47), while PT8 has dominated S. Enteritidis infections in the United States.…”